Wood Energy in Developed Economies
Wood Energy in Developed Economies

Author: Francisco X. Aguilar

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-08-27

Total Pages: 359

ISBN-13: 1134655991

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There has been a recent resurgence of interest in wood energy as part of a sustainable range of renewable energy options. This book addresses the current gap in the energy and public policy literature for a reference book that compiles the most-recent wood energy assessments, and evaluates current and potential future wood energy uses and the role for public policy to foster efficient use of the most-widely consumed renewable energy in the world. It brings together a group of expert authors covering topics from forest management, operations and engineering, to socio-economics and energy policy perspectives. It thus covers practical issues such as silviculture, harvesting, processing, comparative cost estimates, public policy tools and market effects. As such the book provides a comprehensive review of the complex dimensions of wood energy as well as practical guidance for professionals, researchers and advanced students. It will also provide invaluable guidance for economic development agencies, practitioners and policy-makers, when evaluating the impacts of wider wood energy adoption as part of a strategy for sustainable energy generation. The main focus is on industrialised production and developed economies, particularly the USA and Europe.

Developing Estimates of Potential Demand for Renewable Wood Energy Products in Alaska
Developing Estimates of Potential Demand for Renewable Wood Energy Products in Alaska

Author: Allen M. Brackley

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2011-04

Total Pages: 38

ISBN-13: 1437940005

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This report is concerned with the existing volumes of renewable wood energy products (RWEP) currently used in Alaska and the potential demand for RWEP for residential and community heating projects in the state. By using peak prices from the fall of 2008, the potential value of a British thermal unit (Btu) from various fuels has been calculated to identify those situations where wood-based fuels are economically competitive or advantageous when compared with alternative fuel sources. If fuel oil prices increase to the levels experienced in 2008, there would be a strong economic incentive to convert heating systems to use solid wood fuels. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find report.

Art & Energy
Art & Energy

Author: Barry Lord

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2014-05-01

Total Pages: 471

ISBN-13: 1933253940

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In Art & Energy, Barry Lord argues that human creativity is deeply linked to the resources available on Earth for our survival. From our ancient mastery of fire through our exploitation of coal, oil, and gas, to the development of today's renewable energy sources, each new source of energy fundamentally transforms our art and culture—how we interact with the world, organize our communities, communicate and conceive of and assign value to art. By analyzing art, artists, and museums across eras and continents, Lord demonstrates how our cultural values and artistic expression are formed by our efforts to access and control the energy sources that make these cultures possible.

FPL Design for Lumber Dry Kiln Using Solar/wood Energy in Tropical Latitudes
FPL Design for Lumber Dry Kiln Using Solar/wood Energy in Tropical Latitudes

Author: John L. Tschernitz

Publisher:

Published: 1985

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13:

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Developing countries with a timber resource that can be manufactured into finished products either for local use or export often lack the capital to build high-cost dry kilns. Many of these countries are in the tropics where solar radiation and ambient temperatures are high. The low-cost solar/wood energy lumber dry kiln described in this report was designed and tested by the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for such countries where solar dry kilns can be built and operated at low cost. The FPL design is for a 6,000-fbm capacity kiln having an insulated drying compartment, an external horizontal solar collector, and a furnace room containing a wood burner. Capacities larger or smaller than 6,000 fbm are also possible. This design allows collector and wood burner sizing to match the energy demands of the dryer. The design also incorporates low-cost controls that allow unattended drying when operated as a solar-only dryer. Manual firing is necessary when the wood-burning system is supplying the energy. This kiln design is the final, commercial-size version established after years of testing several 1,000-fbm capacity prototypes. In December 1984 a kiln of this design was built in Sri Lanka at a factory that manufactures furniture and laminated beams from rubber and coconut wood.

Use of Wood Energy for Lumber Drying and Community Heating in Southeast Alaska
Use of Wood Energy for Lumber Drying and Community Heating in Southeast Alaska

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13:

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The inadequate transportation infrastructure and undeveloped markets for sawmill residues in southeast Alaska are among the factors that limit the use of this forest resource. This study considers the potential use of sawmill residues to supply two bioenergy systems that would produce thermal energy for (1) community heating and (2) a lumber dry kiln in Hoonah, Alaska. The proposed community heating system would be a direct combustion system, burning approximately 1,450 green tons (1.315 green metric kilotons) of wood fuel per year to provide heating for seven centrally located buildings in Hoonah. Additional sawmill residues would be used in another system to provide process heat for a proposed 25,000 board foot (41.3 m3) dry kiln. The Hoonah sawmill typically produces as much as 5 million board feet (8,255 m3) of lumber per year, primarily from western hemlock and Sitka spruce. The processing of this amount of lumber would result in an adequate volume of residue to provide a fuel source for the heating requirements of the proposed projects. Wood residue from the sawmill is assumed to be available at no cost other than for transportation. Use of wood fuel for community heating would save an estimated 65,000 gallons (2.47 kL) of heating oil per year. Avoided fuel costs would be approximately $91,500 per year based on No. 2 fuel oil at a market price of $1.40 per gallon ($0.37 per liter). Based on a project life of 25 years and a contingency rate of 25%, the expected after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) for the community heating portion of the project is 29.6%. Total installed costs for the 1,195,000 Btu/h (350 kWthermal) community heating system, including distribution piping and its installation and backup oil systems, are estimated to be $631,000. For the lumber dry kiln, in the second heat-generating system, economic results were less favorable, with expected energy savings of $82,900 per year and an after-tax IRR of 24.1% (also assuming 25% contingency). Estimated installed cost of the 1,536,000 Btu/h (450 kWthermal) dry kiln system with a backup oil system is $513,800.

Wood Pellet as a Renewable Source of Energy
Wood Pellet as a Renewable Source of Energy

Author: Mohammad Ali Abdoli

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-05-30

Total Pages: 197

ISBN-13: 3319744828

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This book takes the reader on a journey from the moment that raw wood material enters the factory to the final pellet consumption. It starts by reviewing biomass application and its role for the future development of renewable energies, discussing different biomass conversion methods as alternatives to direct utilization. The second chapter then comprehensively examines densification processes, with a focus on the pelleting process. Chapter three further elaborates on the pelleting process, including an overview of the pellet structure and properties, and the history of this process. The subsequent chapters provide a detailed account of the production process from raw material delivery to final distribution, addressing the chemical and physical quality, and presenting measurement methods and standards. In the final chapters, the authors describe in detail the pellet combustion process and emissions.