Women's Cross-border Trade in West Africa
Author: Yeshiareg Dejene
Publisher:
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 4
ISBN-13:
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West African Studies Women and Trade Networks in West Africa
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2019-04-04
Total Pages: 146
ISBN-13: 9264683356
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe report proposes the development of innovative public policies based on the reinforcement of the social capital of women and policy approaches that promote better integration of the initiatives undertaken by governments, international and non-governmental organisations to empower women and strengthen their resilience.
Women and Trade Networks in West Africa
Author: OECD
Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
Published: 2019
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13: 9789264595026
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWomen make a significant contribution to West Africa's food economy, perpetuating a long tradition of commerce and participating in cross-border trade and regional outreach. Their activities face numerous obstacles but also present important opportunities, highlighted in this report through an unprecedented relational and spatial analysis of social networks. The study focuses on the rice sector in the Dendi region (Benin, Niger and Nigeria) and on the regional governance networks that support women's entrepreneurship. It confirms that Nigeria occupies a privileged position due to its demographics and growing urbanisation. The report proposes the development of innovative public policies based on the reinforcement of the social capital of women and policy approaches that promote better integration of the initiatives undertaken by governments, international and non-governmental organisations to empower women and strengthen their resilience.
Informal Cross-Border Trade in Africa
Author: Kathryn Pace
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 2019-10-02
Total Pages: 6
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAs ICBT appears to be so large and is heavily linked to food security, economic development, and women’s empowerment, it is important to obtain accurate measurements of this type of trade. More accurate data can improve the statistical measurements of balance of payments and external accounts, improving global trade measurement and modeling, and facilitate the development of more accurate domestic food balance sheets. Overall, measurement of ICBT in Africa can provide a more accurate picture of other aspects related to informal trade, including information on informal labor markets and movement patterns of staple foods during periods of crises. Each of these provides the opportunity for better policymaking using reliable and accurate data.
Women Without Borders
Author: V. N. Muzvidziwa
Publisher: OSSREA
Published: 2005
Total Pages: 208
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn the face of a declining and collapsing national economy, this book presents the story of enterprising and entrepreneurial Zimbabwean women, operating as informal cross-border traders in the SADC region. The women are struggling against economic wants and deprivation, and devising their own initiatives to defeat poverty. The study relates their hopes, perceptions and strategies for managing the structural constraints at micro- and macro-levels that at once make their activities necessary, and simultaneously impose limitations on them.
5 - Gender Dimensions of Informal Cross-border Trade in the West African Sub-Region
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThese circumstances resulted in the gender segmentation of the labour force, which forced women to restrict themselves to the margins of the colonial order, delivering much- needed services to male migrants and establishing themselves in the informal distribution of goods and services. [...] The relationship between individuals' wants and the constraints in achieving them can be seen in the pure technical terms of relationship of a means to an end and since it is not possible to achieve all their desires and goals they have to make choices in their goals and the means of achieving them. [...] Despite the culturally approved roles of women in society, the majority of the women were engaged in cross-border trading for economic survival reasons and to supplement the family income. [...] the informality of the women's work in cross-border trading undermines the collection of the necessary revenues for the government purse. [...] Theft, Robbery of Goods and Fraud in the Market The findings show that the majority of the women were particular about the cases of robbery and theft carried out by hooligans and sometimes by drivers under the guise of helping the women load their goods.
Informal cross-border trade in Africa: How much? Why? And what impact?
Author: Bouet, Antoine
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 2018-12-21
Total Pages: 56
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKInformal cross-border trade (ICBT) represents a prominent phenomenon in Africa. Several studies suggest that for certain products and countries, the value of informal trade may meet or even exceed the value of formal trade. This paper provides a review of existing efforts to measure informal trade. We list 18 initiatives aimed at measuring ICBT in Africa. The paper also summarizes discussions conducted with many stakeholders in Africa between December 2016 and May 2018 regarding the measurement, the determinants, and the implications of ICBT. The methodologies used to measure ICBT in Africa differ widely, but they do confirm that informal trade in Africa is both sizeable and volatile. Both evidence on the determinants of ICBT and discussions with stakeholders suggest that policies should aim to reduce the existing costs associated with formal trade and provide positive incentives for traders and producers to move into the formal economy in order to avoid the loss of economic potential stemming from informal trade.
Women Et Cross Border Trade in East Africa
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2006
Total Pages:
ISBN-13: 9789966957641
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWomen and Trade
Author: World Bank;World Trade Organization
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2020-09-04
Total Pages: 270
ISBN-13: 1464815569
DOWNLOAD EBOOKTrade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
Gender and trade in Africa: Case study of Niger
Author: Ismael Fofana
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Published: 2019-12-05
Total Pages: 40
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe evidence on the impact of trade liberalization on gender inequalities is not fully established yet, nor is the impact of gender inequalities on trade policy outcomes. Sociocultural norms, legal barriers, and socioeconomic disadvantages are the main gender-based discrimination that affect the distribution of trade benefits between men and women. This study applied to Niger assesses the distributional effects of trade reforms between men and women and sheds light on the impact of gender-based barriers on the outcome of trade reforms. The Common External Tariff (CET) of the Economic Community of West African States has guided Niger’s trade policy since its implementation in 2015. Thus, the study essentially assesses the impact of the CET reform on gender inequalities in Niger. Focusing on employment levels and earnings, the study finds an increased gender gap under the CET implementation, although the custom union reform leads to positive outcomes for both men and women compared to the baseline. Moreover, gender inequalities result in misallocation of resources in the economy and lead to a loss in economic opportunity for Niger. Thus, closing the gender gap in access to productive resources is likely to generate positive outcomes for Niger.
