Vitrification of High-level Radioactive Waste in a Small-scale Joule-heated Ceramic Melter
Vitrification of High-level Radioactive Waste in a Small-scale Joule-heated Ceramic Melter

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Published: 1981

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Vitrification is the reference process for the immobilization of radioactive waste from the production of defense materials at the Savannah River Plant (SRP). Since 1979, a small vitrification facility (1 lb/h) has been operated at the Savannah River Laboratory using actual SRP waste. In previous studies, dried waste was fed to this smaller melter. This report discusses direct feeding of actual liquid-waste slurries to the small melter. These liquid-feeding tests demonstrated that addition of premelted glass frit to the waste slurry reduces the amount of material volatilized. Results of these tests are in accord with results of large-scale tests with actual waste.

Experience with Waste Vitrification Systems at Battelle-Northwest
Experience with Waste Vitrification Systems at Battelle-Northwest

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Published: 1975

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Three types of melters; in-can, continuous metallic, and joule-heated ceramic are being developed on an engineering scale for conversion of simulated high-level radioactive waste to a glass form. Work with each of the three melters has progressed for over a year, and ton quantities of glass have been produced. The operation and performance of these systems are described. (auth).

Design and Operation of Small-scale Glass Melters for Immobilizing Radioactive Waste
Design and Operation of Small-scale Glass Melters for Immobilizing Radioactive Waste

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Published: 1980

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A small-scale (3-kg), joule-heated, continuous melter has been designed to study vitrification of Savannah River Plant radioactive waste. The first melter built has been in nonradioactive service for nearly three years. This melter had Inconel 690 electrodes and uses Monofrax K-3 for the contact refractory. Several problems seem in this melter have had an impact on the design of a full-scale system. Problems include uncontrolled electric currents passing through the throat, and formation of a slag layer at the bottom of the melter. The performance of a similar melter in a low-maintenance, radioactive environment is also described. Problems such as halide refluxing, and hot streaking, first observed in this melter, are also discussed.

Experimental Joule-heated Ceramic Melter for Converting Radioactive Waste to Glass
Experimental Joule-heated Ceramic Melter for Converting Radioactive Waste to Glass

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Published: 1978

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A small electric melter was developed to implement studies for converting radioactive waste to glass at the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL). The ceramic-lined, joule-heated melter has been in operation for ten months. During this period, simulated, high-level-waste, calcined materials and frit were processed at rates of 2 to 15 g/min. The melt chamber is 7.6-cm wide, 22.9-cm long and 7.6-cm deep. The total power consumption is 3.5 KVA when the glass processing temperature is 1150°C. A similar unit will be in operation in FY-1979 in the SRL high-level cells.

Small-scale, Joule-heated Melting of Savannah River Plant Waste Glass. I. Factors Affecting Large-scale Vitrification Tests
Small-scale, Joule-heated Melting of Savannah River Plant Waste Glass. I. Factors Affecting Large-scale Vitrification Tests

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Published: 1979

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A promising method of immobilizing SRP radioactive waste solids is incorporation in borosilicate glass. In the reference vitrification process, called joule-heated melting, a mixture of glass frit and calcined waste is heated by passage of an electric current. Two problems observed in large-scale tests are foaming and formation of an insoluble slag. A small joule-heated melter was designed and built to study problems such as these. This report describes the melter, identifies factors involved in foaming and slag formation, and proposes ways to overcome these problems.