Nutrition and HIV
Nutrition and HIV

Author: Saurabh Mehta

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-05-15

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 1351058185

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The world continues to lose more than a million lives each year to the HIV epidemic, and nearly two million individuals were infected with HIV in 2017 alone. The new Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by countries of the United Nations in September 2015, include a commitment to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Considerable emphasis on prevention of new infections and treatment of those living with HIV will be needed to make this goal achievable. With nearly 37 million people now living with HIV, it is a communicable disease that behaves like a noncommunicable disease. Nutritional management is integral to comprehensive HIV care and treatment. Improved nutritional status and weight gain can increase recovery and strength of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, improve dietary diversity and caloric intake, and improve quality of life. This book highlights evidence-based research linking nutrition and HIV and identifies research gaps to inform the development of guidelines and policies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions is likely to maximize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV disease progression and other adverse outcomes in HIV-infected men and women. Modification of nutritional status has been shown to enhance the quality of life of those suffering HIV/AIDS, both physically in terms of improved body mass index and immunological markers, and psychologically, by improving symptoms of depression. While the primary focus for those infected should remain on antiretroviral treatment and increasing its availability and coverage, improvement of nutritional status plays a complementary role in the management of HIV infection.

Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins
Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins

Author: David A. Bender

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2003-09-18

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 1139437739

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An authoritative and comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the vitamins, their metabolic functions and the scientific basis for setting recommended intakes for the prevention of deficiency and promotion of optimum health. This publication will be a valuable reference for students and specialists alike in the field of nutritional biochemistry.

Vitamin B 12 and B 12-Proteins
Vitamin B 12 and B 12-Proteins

Author: Bernhard Kräutler

Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Published: 1998-03-09

Total Pages: 568

ISBN-13:

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This text reviews the important developments in the "B12-field" with regard to biological, chemical, pharmaceutical and medicinal aspects. Topics of particular interest include: biosynthesis of vitamin B12; B12-catalyzed enzymatic reactions and their mechanisms; and structural B12-chemistry

Industrial Biotechnology of Vitamins, Biopigments, and Antioxidants
Industrial Biotechnology of Vitamins, Biopigments, and Antioxidants

Author: Erick J. Vandamme

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2016-04-25

Total Pages: 580

ISBN-13: 3527337342

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Vitamins are a group of physiologically very important, chemically quite complex organic compounds, that are essential for humans and animals. Some vitamins and other growth factors behave as antioxidants, while some can be considered as biopigments. As their chemical synthesis is laborious, their biotechnology-based synthesis and production via microbial fermentation has gained substantial interest within the last decades. Recent progress in microbial genetics and in metabolic engineering and implementation of innovative bioprocess technology has led to a biotechnology-based industrial production of many vitamins and related compounds. Divided into three sections, this volume covers: 1. water-soluble vitamins 2. fat-soluble vitamin compounds and 3. other growth factors, biopigments, and antioxidants. They are all reviewed systematically: from natural occurrence and assays, via biosynthesis, strain development, to industrially-employed biotechnological syntheses and applications.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2002-07-19

Total Pages: 798

ISBN-13: 0309072905

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This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

User's Guide to the B-Complex Vitamins
User's Guide to the B-Complex Vitamins

Author: Burt Berkson

Publisher: Turner Publishing Company

Published: 2006-01-01

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13: 1591206944

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The B-complex vitamins are a family of nutrients that play multifaceted and essential roles in health and preventing disease. They are needed to make and repair DNA and increase energy levels-both key steps for slowing the aging process. Some B vitamins are needed to make mood-enhancing neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, and can have powerful antidepressant benefits. The B vitamin folic acid reduces blood levels of homocysteine, a known risk factor for heart disease, stroke, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Vitamin B12 is needed for normal mental function, and low levels can mimic senility. This book explores the remarkable benefits of these and the rest of the B-complex family of vitamins.

Vitamin B
Vitamin B

Author: Charlyn M. Elliot

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13:

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The B vitamins are eight water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Historically, the B vitamins were once thought to be a single vitamin, referred to as Vitamin B (much like how people refer to Vitamin C or Vitamin D). Later research showed that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. Supplements containing all eight B vitamins are generally referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g. B1, B2, B3). The B vitamins often work together to deliver a number of health benefits to the body. B vitamins have been shown to: support and increase the rate of metabolism; maintain healthy skin and muscle tone; enhance immune and nervous system function; promote cell growth and division -- including that of the red blood cells that help prevent anemia. Together, they also help combat the symptoms and causes of stress, depression, and cardiovascular disease. All B vitamins are water soluble, and are dispersed throughout the body. They must be replenished daily with any excess excreted in the urine. Vitamin B deficiency can lead to an enormous group of health problems. This book presents new and important research in the field.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline
Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2000-07-15

Total Pages: 592

ISBN-13: 0309065542

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Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approachâ€"the result: Dietary Reference Intakes. This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. This volume of the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age groupâ€"from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses: Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people. This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient.

Feel Better, Live Longer with Vitamin B-3
Feel Better, Live Longer with Vitamin B-3

Author: Abram Hoffer

Publisher: Ccnm Press

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781897025246

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The first unified theory of nutrient deficiency and dependency Dr Linus Pauling's revolutionary idea in the 1960s: the world is in a B-3 deficiency and dependency pandemic. Some patients may be vitamin deficient and others may be vitamin dependent. Dependency arises when the person has extremely high vitamin requirements. Both these patients will experience general ill-health and manifest a wide variety of disease conditions that are now inadequately treated with drugs in conventional medical practice. The authors prove that large, controlled doses of vitamin B-3 or niacin, are effective in preventing, treating, and even reversing such niacin deficiency and dependency disorders as pellagra, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, alcoholism, cardiovascular diseases, (high cholesterol), and anxiety.