The Fuel Reduction Cost Simulator (FRCS) spreadsheet application is public domain software used to estimate costs for fuel reduction treatments involving removal of trees of mixed sizes in the form of whole trees, logs, or chips from a forest. Equipment production rates were developed from existing studies. Equipment operating cost rates are from December 2002 prices for new equipment and wage rates for the Pacific Northwest. These cost assumptions can be modified by the user. There are four ground based systems, four cable systems, and two helicopter systems. Cost estimates are in U.S. dollars per 100 cubic feet, per green ton, and per acre.
The Fuel Reduction Cost Simulator (FRCS) spreadsheet application is public domain software used to estimate costs for fuel reduction treatments involving removal of trees of mixed sizes in the form of whole trees, logs, or chips from a forest. Equipment production rates were developed from existing studies. Equipment operating cost rates are from December 2002 prices for new equipment and wage rates for the Pacific Northwest. These cost assumptions can be modified by the user. There are four ground based systems, four cable systems, and two helicopter systems. Cost estimates are in U.S. dollars per 100 cubic feet, per green ton, and per acre.
In the United States, we have come to depend on plentiful and inexpensive energy to support our economy and lifestyles. In recent years, many questions have been raised regarding the sustainability of our current pattern of high consumption of nonrenewable energy and its environmental consequences. Further, because the United States imports about 55 percent of the nation's consumption of crude oil, there are additional concerns about the security of supply. Hence, efforts are being made to find alternatives to our current pathway, including greater energy efficiency and use of energy sources that could lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as nuclear and renewable sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, and biofuels. The United States has a long history with biofuels and the nation is on a course charted to achieve a substantial increase in biofuels. Renewable Fuel Standard evaluates the economic and environmental consequences of increasing biofuels production as a result of Renewable Fuels Standard, as amended by EISA (RFS2). The report describes biofuels produced in 2010 and those projected to be produced and consumed by 2022, reviews model projections and other estimates of the relative impact on the prices of land, and discusses the potential environmental harm and benefits of biofuels production and the barriers to achieving the RFS2 consumption mandate. Policy makers, investors, leaders in the transportation sector, and others with concerns for the environment, economy, and energy security can rely on the recommendations provided in this report.
Postgraduate Vascular Surgery is your concise pocket guide to the FRCS and MRCS exams. Covering the full range of surgical interventions, including diagnosis, management, clinical investigation and treatment, all chapters have been written by specialists in their field. The chapters are structured with key bullet points for easy reference, as well as tables, figures and charts to aid understanding. Relevant references are included for further exploration of a particular topic. Tips and tricks on passing the exam are included. This book is aimed at candidates for the FRCS and intercollegiate MRCS exams, surgical trainees and those following a sub-speciality of vascular surgery.
The FRCS examination is the last hurdle on the road to independent practice as a consultant surgeon in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The voce viva portion of the exam can be particularly challenging for candidates who must demonstrate not only their knowledge of various surgical topics, but also their reasoning and decision-making abilities. Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva: A Revision Guide provides the framework and knowledge to pass the non-subspecialty sections of the FRCS (General Surgery) viva and clinical examination. This comprehensive revision text covers all essential topics in critical care, emergency and general surgery as well as critical appraisal of research papers, basic statistics and data manipulation for the academic section. Highlights: Layout: A unique approach recreates the structure and content of each individual viva Past questions: Actual viva questions pooled from successful FRCS candidates are included so you know what worked Contributors: Insight from experienced clinicians who have trained in the UK higher surgical training system This essential revision guide provides you with the vital points for each topic, presented in a concise, structured manner and referenced where appropriate. It is essential reading for anyone preparing for the FRCS General Surgery exam.
