The Forbid/allow Asymmetry
The Forbid/allow Asymmetry

Author: Bregje Holleman

Publisher: Rodopi

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 9789042013414

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Questionnaires are widely used in the social sciences and very often survey data form the basis for governmental and commercial planning or evaluation. Yet the quality of survey data is not attested to, since a large variety of factors in the language-use situation prove to influence the answers unintentionally. The forbid/allow asymmetry is a well-known example of this: when respondents are asked whether something should be forbidden, about 50% may answer 'yes, forbid' - whereas an equivalent question phrased with the verb 'to allow' could well cause up to 75% of the respondents to answer 'no, it should not be allowed'. Which question wording is preferable to measure respondents' true attitudes? Only when we know why the answers differ, can we decide on that. This book is the first to apply a systematic cognitive approach to describe the causes of the forbid/allow asymmetry. The question-answering process is unravelled by a variety of experiments and meta-analytic techniques. Analyses reveal that the difference in question wording does not prompt respondents to retrieve different attitudes. Instead, the asymmetry reflects that the question wording causes the response options to be used differently. Because of the qualifying dimensions in the question text, the meanings of 'yes' and 'no' change, as well as the cognitive distance between them. This study sheds a different light on processes of question-answering and text interpretation. Furthermore, practical advice on questionnaire design and on the interpretation of survey data is given on the basis of these new insights.

Handbook of Attitudes, Volume 2: Applications
Handbook of Attitudes, Volume 2: Applications

Author: Dolores Albarracin

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-10-10

Total Pages: 610

ISBN-13: 1351712349

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Attitudes are evaluations of people, places, things, and ideas. They help us to navigate through a complex world. They provide guidance for decisions about which products to buy, how to travel to work, or where to go on vacation. They color our perceptions of others. Carefully crafted interventions can change attitudes and behavior. Yet attitudes, beliefs, and behavior are often formed and changed in casual social exchanges. The mere perception that other people—say, rich people— favor something may be sufficient to make another person favor it. People’s own actions also influence their attitudes, such that they adjust to be more supportive of the actions. People’s belief systems even change to align with and support their preferences, which at its extreme is a form of denial for which people lack awareness. These two volumes of The Handbook of Attitudes provide authoritative, critical surveys of theory and research about attitudes, beliefs, persuasion, and behavior from key authors in these areas. This second volume covers applications to measurement, behavior prediction, and interventions in the areas of cancer, HIV, substance use, diet, and exercise, as well as in politics, intergroup relations, aggression, migrations, advertising, accounting, education, and the environment.

The Effects of Social Media Advertising in China
The Effects of Social Media Advertising in China

Author: Changchun Xuan

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2022-09-30

Total Pages: 149

ISBN-13: 1000646475

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The book aims to evaluate social media users’ attitude towards social media advertising in mainland China. By conducting a large-scale national survey in China (N = 4,172), the author systematically and comprehensively examines factors that influence social media users’ attitude towards social media advertising. Integrating the perspectives of sociology, psychology, communication and advertising, the author discusses the influencing factors from the standpoints of consumers, social media platforms, and culture, and the mechanisms among them. Moreover, this book demonstrates the heterogeneity among mainland Chinese consumers, as well as their similarities and differences from American consumers. The book appeals to scholars and postgraduate students in the fields of marketing and advertising, and those advertising practitioners who are interested in the Chinese market.

E-business In The 21st Century: Essential Topics And Studies (Second Edition)
E-business In The 21st Century: Essential Topics And Studies (Second Edition)

Author: Jun Xu

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2021-02-04

Total Pages: 411

ISBN-13: 9811231850

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In the world of internet, wide adoption of computing devices dramatically reduces storage costs with easy access to huge amount of data, thus posing benefits and challenges to e-business amongst organizations.This unique compendium covers current status and practices of e-business among organizations, their challenges and future directions. It also includes studies of different perspectives and markets of e-business.The must-have volume will be a good reference text for professionals and organizations who are updating their e-business knowledge/skills and planning their e-business initiatives.