Plant Responses to Air Pollution
Plant Responses to Air Pollution

Author: Umesh Kulshrestha

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-11-01

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789811011993

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This book focuses upon air pollution, types of air pollutants and their impact on plant physiological and biochemical systems. The book begins with a brief background on air pollution and continues with a discussion on different types, effects, and solutions to the pollution. The chapters that follow, explore the different effects of pollution on chloroplasts, respiration, biochemistry and physiology of plant cells. Moreover, it covers the basic concepts of atmospheric transport and transformations of pollutants, and issues of global change and the use of science in air pollution policy formulation. It also emphasises about the effects of air pollutants in altering plant response to common stresses, both abiotic and biotic - fields by giving the focus on the physiology of plant. This book act as a valuable tool for students in Environmental Science, Biological Science and Agriculture. It will be unique to environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals involved in air quality and plant related research. During past few decades, air pollution and poor air quality have been the issues of common concerns. Degraded air has adverse effects on various system of plants by creating a stress which develops biochemical and physiological disorder in plants. Chronic diseases and/or lower yield have reported consequences of air pollution effect. A large number of biochemical and physiological parameters have been used to assess impact of air pollution on plant health. Photosynthetic machinery and respiratory system are the most affected domain of plants. However, the survival of plants depend on various internal and external factors such as plant community, types of air pollutants, geographical region, meteorological conditions and soil moisture etc. Plants respond to both biotic and abiotic stresses accordingly. Many tolerant plants survive easily even in higher air pollution region. Certain plant species absorbs selected gaseous air pollutants and hence plants are effective tool for air pollution remediation.

Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests
Biologic Markers of Air-Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1989-01-01

Total Pages: 377

ISBN-13: 0309040787

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There is not much question that plants are sensitive to air pollution, nor is there doubt that air pollution is affecting forests and agriculture worldwide. In this book, specific criteria and evaluated approaches to diagnose the effects of air pollution on trees and forests are examined.

Responses of Plants to Air Pollution
Responses of Plants to Air Pollution

Author: J.B. Mudd

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2012-12-02

Total Pages: 398

ISBN-13: 0323152260

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Responses of Plants to Air Pollution examines the effects of air pollutants, individually and synergistically, on both higher and lower plants. The subject matter overlaps into a wide range of disciplines including agronomy, plant anatomy, biochemistry, cryptogamic botany, ecology, entomology, forestry, horticulture, landscape architecture, meteorology, microscopy, plant pathology, plant physiology, and soil science. The opening chapter presents an overview of sources of air pollution, costs of air pollution, and mechanisms of pollution injury to plants. Separate chapters on sulfur dioxide, ozone, fluorides, peroxyacyl nitrates, oxides of nitrogen, and particulates follow. Subsequent chapters are devoted to plant responses to combinations of pollutants; to effects of pollutants on plant ultrastructure, on forests, and on lichens and bryophytes; to interactions of pollutants with canopies of vegetation; to interactions of pollutants and plant diseases; and to interactions of pollutants with agricultural practices. This book will be useful to scientists in many disciplines as well as those who share the concern that clean air can no longer be expected to be the normal environment for plants or animals. The book will also be a valuable a reference work or text for upper level undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, and growers of plants.

Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests
Impact of Air Pollutants on Southern Pine Forests

Author: Susan Fox

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 524

ISBN-13: 1461208092

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The public's attitude toward air pollution in the United States evolved substantially during the 1960s. One of the results of the nation's emerging environmental ethic was the creation of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in December of 1970. Prior to this time, research was focused on the impacts of air pollution on human health and welfare and was largely conducted by several federal research agencies, which included the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and the U. S. Department of Agricul ture. After the creation of the EPA, much of this work was consolidated in one regulatory agency, which resulted in periodic evaluations of the various effects of atmospheric pollution on human health, materials, agriculture, and forest ecosystems. At the same time that environmental interest was growing in the United States, concern increased in the European scientific community and public over the ecological impacts of acidic deposition. As the magnitude of the damage to European lakes and streams and the widespread decline in Norway spruce and silver fir was reported, concern that similar problems were occurring in the United States increased substantially. This concern was heightened by press reports of high elevation spruce-fir forest declines in the Adirondack and Appalachian Mountains and the decline and death of sugar maples in the northeastern United States and Canada.

Plants for Toxicity Assessment
Plants for Toxicity Assessment

Author: Wun-cheng Wang

Publisher: ASTM International

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 363

ISBN-13: 0803113978

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The First Symposium on Use of Plants for Toxicity Assessment was held in Atlanta, Georgia, on April 19-20, 1989. This publication contains 29 refereed papers divided into six groups: Regulatory Perspectives, Comparative Toxicology, Plants and Xenobiotic Uptake, Plants and Air Pollution, General Phytotoxicology, and New Approaches. The 2nd Symposium on Use of Plants for Toxicity Assessment was held in San Francisco, California, on April 23-24, 1990. This publication contains 35 refereed papers divided into six groups: Regulatory Perspectives, Applications of Plant Bioassays/Photosynthesis, Xenobiotic Uptake by Plants, General Phytotoxicology, Biochemical and Genetic Applications, and New Approaches.

Environmental Bioremediation Technologies
Environmental Bioremediation Technologies

Author: S.N. Singh

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-02-05

Total Pages: 528

ISBN-13: 3540347933

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Bioremediation is an eco-friendly, cost-effective and natural technology targeted to remove heavy metals, radionuclides, xenobiotic compounds, organic waste, pesticides etc. from contaminated sites or industrial discharges through biological means. Since this technology is used in in-situ conditions, it does not physically disturb the site unlike conventional methods i.e. chemical or mechanical methods.

Urban Air Quality in Europe
Urban Air Quality in Europe

Author: Mar Viana

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-07-10

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783642384509

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This book provides an overview of air quality in urban environments in Europe, focusing on air pollutant emission sources and formation mechanisms, measurement and modeling strategies, and future perspectives. The emission sources described are biomass burning, vehicular traffic, industry and agriculture, but also African dust and long-range transport of pollutants across the European regions. The impact of these emission sources and processes on atmospheric particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxides and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds is discussed and critical areas for particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in Europe are identified. Finally, this volume presents future perspectives, mainly regarding upcoming air quality monitoring strategies, metrics of interest, such as submicron and nanoparticles, and indoor and outdoor exposure scenarios.

Handbook of Ecotoxicology
Handbook of Ecotoxicology

Author: Peter P. Calow

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2009-06-05

Total Pages: 901

ISBN-13: 1444313509

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The Handbook of Ecotoxicology provides a readily accessible, yet critical collection of information on ecotoxicological testing. Now available in a single paperback volume, this handbook represents excellent value. Part A concentrates on techniques, especially those tests used for prediction. Thorough descriptions of the main tests are provided, followed by critical analyses in terms of ease of handling, repeatability and ecological relevance, and finally, an extensive bibliography citing key documents describing test methods and key papers evaluating them. Part B focuses on the toxicants themselves: summarising their ecological effects, describing ways of predicting effects from physico-chemical properties alone, and describing and discussing fate models. Now available as a single volume in paperback An invaluable reference resource