The Cooperator's Dilemma

The Cooperator's Dilemma

Author: Mark Irving Lichbach

Publisher: University of Michigan Press

Published: 1996

Total Pages: 342

ISBN-13: 9780472105724

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A comprehensive and current presentation of the collective-action approach


North Carolina Sentencing Handbook with Felony, Misdemeanor, and DWI Sentencing Grids 2018

North Carolina Sentencing Handbook with Felony, Misdemeanor, and DWI Sentencing Grids 2018

Author: James M. Markham

Publisher: Unc School of Government

Published: 2018-11

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781560119357

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This book is a step-by-step guide to the sentencing of felonies, misdemeanors, and impaired driving in North Carolina. It includes the felony and misdemeanor sentencing grids that apply under Structured Sentencing and a table showing the different sentencing levels for DWI. The book also includes materials on diversion programs (deferred prosecution and conditional discharge), probation supervision, fines and fees, and sex offender registration.


Federal Sentencing the Basics

Federal Sentencing the Basics

Author: United States Sentencing Commission

Publisher:

Published: 2019-08-27

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13: 9781688991422

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This paper provides an overview of the federal sentencing system. For historicalcontext, it first briefly discusses the evolution of federal sentencing during the past fourdecades, including the landmark passage of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 (SRA),1 inwhich Congress established a new federal sentencing system based primarily on sentencingguidelines, as well as key Supreme Court decisions concerning the guidelines. It thendescribes the nature of federal sentences today and the process by which such sentencesare imposed. The final parts of this paper address appellate review of sentences; therevocation of offenders' terms of probation and supervised release; the process whereby theUnited States Sentencing Commission (the Commission) amends the guidelines; and theCommission's collection and analysis of sentencing data.


Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2009-07-29

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 0309142393

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Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.


Handbook on Restorative Justice Programmes

Handbook on Restorative Justice Programmes

Author: Yvon Dandurand

Publisher: United Nations Publications

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789211337549

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The present handbook offers, in a quick reference format, an overview of key considerations in the implementation of participatory responses to crime based on a restorative justice approach. Its focus is on a range of measures and programmes, inspired by restorative justice values, that are flexible in their adaptation to criminal justice systems and that complement them while taking into account varying legal, social and cultural circumstances. It was prepared for the use of criminal justice officials, non-governmental organizations and community groups who are working together to improve current responses to crime and conflict in their community


Life Sentences in the Federal System

Life Sentences in the Federal System

Author: United States Sentencing Commission

Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub

Published: 2015-03-07

Total Pages: 24

ISBN-13: 9781508768104

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Life imprisonment sentences are rare in the federal criminal justice system. Virtually all offenders convicted of a federal crime are released from prison eventually and return to society or, in the case of illegal aliens, are deported to their country of origin. Yet in fiscal year 2013 federal judges imposed a sentence of life imprisonment without parole on 153 offenders. Another 168 offenders received a sentence of a specific term of years that was so long it had the practical effect of being a life sentence. Although together these offenders represent only 0.4 percent of all offenders sentenced that year, this type of sentence sets them apart from the rest of the offender population. This report examines life sentences in the federal system and the offenders on whom this punishment is imposed. There are numerous federal criminal statutes that authorize a life imprisonment sentence to be imposed as the maximum sentence. The most commonly used of these statutes involve drug trafficking, racketeering, and firearms crimes. Additionally, there are at least 45 statutes that require a life sentence to be imposed as the minimum penalty. These mandatory minimum penalties generally are required in cases involving the killing of a federal official or other government employee, piracy, or repeat offenses involving drug trafficking or weapons. In fiscal year 2013, 69 of the 153 offenders who received a sentence of life imprisonment were subject to a mandatory minimum penalty requiring the court to impose that sentence.