Two Economists' Musings on the Stability of Locus of Control
Two Economists' Musings on the Stability of Locus of Control

Author: Deborah A. Cobb-Clark

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 43

ISBN-13: 9780734042408

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Empirical studies of the role of non-cognitive skills in driving economic behavior often rely heavily on the assumption that these skills are stable over the relevant time frame. We analyze the change in a specific non-cognitive skill, i.e. locus of control, in order to directly assess the validity of this assumption. We find that short- and medium-run changes in locus of control are rather modest on average, are concentrated among the young or very old, do not appear to be related to the demographic, labor market, and health events that individuals experience, and are unlikely to be economically meaningful. Still, there is no evidence that locus of control is truly time-invariant implying that the use of lagged measures results in an errors-in-variables problem that could downward bias the estimated wage return to locus of control by as much as 50 percent. Those researchers wishing to analyze the economic consequences of non-cognitive skills should consider (i) restricting their analysis to the working-age population for whom there is little evidence of systematic change in skill levels and (ii) accounting for error in the skill measures they employ.

The Psychology of Financial Consumer Behavior
The Psychology of Financial Consumer Behavior

Author: Dominika Maison

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-02-28

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 3030105709

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This book stresses the psychological perspective in explaining financial behavior. Traditionally, financial behaviors such as saving, spending, and investing have been explained using demographic and economic factors such as income and product pricing. The consequence of this way of thinking is that financial institutions view their clients mostly from the perspective of their income. By taking a psychological approach, this book stresses the perspective of consumers confronted with a quickly changing financial world: the changing of financial offers and products (savings, investments, loans), the changing of payment methods (from cash to cheques, cards and mobile payments), the accessibility and temptation of goods, and the changing of insurance and pension systems. The Psychology of Financial Consumer Behavior provides insight into the thought processes of consumers in a variety of financial topics. Coverage includes perceptions of wealth, the pleasure or pain of spending, cashless transactions, saving and investing, loans, planning for the future, taxes, and financial education. The book holds appeal for researchers, professionals, and students in economics, psychology, economic psychology, marketing and consumer science, or anyone interested in financial behaviors.

Complete Training Evaluation
Complete Training Evaluation

Author: Richard Griffin

Publisher: Kogan Page Publishers

Published: 2014-08-03

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13: 0749471018

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While substantial advances have been made in the L&D profession over the last decade, evaluation remains by far the weakest part of the L&D cycle. Most organisations wish to evaluate the impact of their investment in training but few do it well, and the lack of effective methods is one of the key barriers. Complete Training Evaluation addresses these issues by providing practitioner friendly but academically robust information and guidance on how to evaluate all forms of learning and development. It draws on the author's own multidisciplinary research along with his practical experience of working with private and public sector organisations carrying out evaluation. The book provides practitioners with accessible 'how-to' knowledge and tools to undertake evaluations of both formal and informal learning. Full of case studies and practical examples of application of methods and insights, Complete Training Evaluation equips practitioners with a range of approaches that can be used depending on the training programme, capacity and capability. An online supporting resource includes a bank of evaluation questions grouped around particular aspects of training.

Gender Convergence in the Labor Market
Gender Convergence in the Labor Market

Author: Solomon W. Polachek

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2015-01-29

Total Pages: 390

ISBN-13: 1784414557

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This volume contains new and innovative research articles on issues related to gender convergence in the labor market. Topics include patterns in lifetime work, earnings and human capital investment, the gender wage gap, gender complementarities, career progression, the gender composition of top management and the role of parental leave policies.

A Modern Guide to the Economics of Happiness
A Modern Guide to the Economics of Happiness

Author: Luigino Bruni

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2021-01-29

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 1788978765

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Exploring the modern approach to the economics of happiness, which came about with the Easterlin Paradox, this book analyses and assesses the idea that as a country gets richer the happiness of its citizens remains the same. The book moves through three distinct pillars of study in the field: first analysing the historical and philosophical foundations of the debate; then the methodological and measurements issues and their political implications; and finally empirical applications and discussion about what determines a happy life.

Aspects of wage dynamics in Germany
Aspects of wage dynamics in Germany

Author: Jens Stephani

Publisher: wbv Media GmbH & Company KG

Published: 2014-11-04

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 376394088X

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Dieses Buch thematisiert verschiedene Aspekte der Lohndynamik in Deutschland. Während der Hauptteil des Buches sich mit dem Lohnwachstum und der Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern beschäftigt, analysiert ein kleinerer Teil die Entwicklung der Lohneffekte der Tarifbindung für alle Beschäftigten. Unter anderem wird gezeigt, dass die Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern in besser bezahlte Jobs kein lediglich temporäres Phänomen ist, sondern für diese Beschäftigten zu längerfristig höheren Lohnniveaus führen kann. Das Lohnwachstum von Geringverdienern hängt allerdings von anderen betrieblichen Einflussfaktoren ab als das Lohnwachstum von Besserverdienern. Auch Persönlichkeitsmerkmale wie zum Beispiel die individuelle Kontrollüberzeugung beeinflussen die Aufstiegsmobilität von Geringverdienern. Weiterhin zeigen die Analysen, dass trotz des kontinuierlichen Rückgangs des gewerkschaftlichen Organisationsgrads und der Tarifbindung im letzten Jahrzehnt weiterhin eine - wenn auch geringe - positive Lohnprämie der Tarifbindung existiert.

Human Capital and Gender Inequality in Middle-Income Countries
Human Capital and Gender Inequality in Middle-Income Countries

Author: Elizabeth M. King

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2022-11-25

Total Pages: 262

ISBN-13: 1000641031

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The role of cognitive and socioemotional skills alongside education in determining people’s success in the labour market has been the topic of a growing body of research - but previous studies have mostly missed middle-income countries and the developing world because measures of those skills and data on employment and earnings on large enough samples of adults have typically not been available. Using comparable survey data on these schooling, skills and labour market outcomes from 13 developing and emerging economies worldwide, this book revisits human capital and gender inequality models. It presents new estimates of the returns to different levels of schooling as well as cognitive and socioemotional skills for women and men. It examines whether those returns are due to levels of human capital or to structural bias in labour markets, and how these two factors work across the earnings spectrum. The book examines the existence of 'glass ceilings' and 'sticky floors' for women using this expanded measure of human capital. Further, by analyzing a group of countries of wide-ranging levels of economic development and socio-political contexts, the book reveals patterns and insights into how context mediates the relationship between skills and gender gaps in labour market outcomes. This book will be of interest to scholars of human capital and gender inequality in the labour market and development economics, as well as gender and development policy makers.

Coaching for Women Entrepreneurs
Coaching for Women Entrepreneurs

Author: Carianne M. Hunt

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2016-04-29

Total Pages: 199

ISBN-13: 1783475110

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With update-to-date reviews of the current research and literature on women’s entrepreneurship, this is the first book of its kind to address entrepreneurial coaching for women as a development tool. The authors provide a theoretical, conceptual and applied perspective to explore the distinctive challenges facing this group, before discussing the implementations and outcomes of coaching programmes in an entrepreneurial setting. They conclude with strategies for future research and progress. Students and scholars of business management, entrepreneurship and gender studies will find the unique perspectives to be of interest. This book will also be useful as a tool for small business service providers, women entrepreneurs, policy makers and government officials.

Economic integration of migrants in Germany
Economic integration of migrants in Germany

Author: Hanna Brenzel

Publisher: wbv Media GmbH & Company KG

Published: 2018-06-29

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 3763941258

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Eine erfolgreiche Integration von Migrantinnen und Migranten ist ein zentrales und wichtiges gesellschaftliches Thema, insbesondere wenn durch Migration dem demografischen Wandel und dem drohenden Fachkräftemangel entgegengewirkt werden soll. Dabei kommt der ökonomischen Integration eine Schlüsselfunktion zu, ist sie doch einer der zentralen Mechanismen für eine erfolgreiche gesellschaftliche Integration in modernen Arbeitsgesellschaften. Daher untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit anhand verschiedener Perspektiven die ökonomische Integration von Migrantinnen und Migranten in Deutschland. Hanna Brenzel zeigt, dass Unterschiede in der beruflichen Mobilität die Lohnentwicklung von Migrantinnen/Migranten und Einheimischen beeinflussen, was wiederum zu Lohnunterschieden beiträgt. Zudem werden die Einkommensunterschiede zwischen Migranten und Einheimischen durch unterschiedliche Persönlichkeitsmerkmale beeinflusst. Schließlich verdeutlicht ihre Arbeit, dass Unterschiede in den Arbeitsmarktintegrationsprozessen zwischen Migrantinnen und Migranten, die als Single migrieren und jene, die im Familienkontext migrieren, bestehen. Aufbauend auf diesen drei Haupterkenntnissen fördert Brenzel nicht nur das Verständnis von Lohnunterschieden, sondern erweitert auch das bestehende Wissen um die Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt von oft vernachlässigten Gruppen, indem sie diese in den Vordergrund rückt.