This study develops an analytical framework that treats special arrangements of human populations as a fundamental form of ecological adaptation for subarctic aboriginal societies. The geographical mobility of commercial fur trappers and fishermen from the English River Chipewyan community of Patuanak, Saskatchewan is employed as a variable for explaining the organization of economic subsistence cycles and ongoing processes of settlement system change.
Before the Roads, Before the Mines is a narrative-based ethnohistory of a Denesułiné community, also known as the Chipewyan, Kesyehot’ine, or Poplar House People. The discovery of high-grade uranium deposits in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, in the mid- to late 1970s ushered in an era of mining and roadbuilding that largely replaced the traditional livelihoods of these subarctic hunter-fishers with wage labor in mining, construction, and related industries. The advent of new communications technologies and consumer goods, and a road to the outside world, created ruptures in the social fabric of the community. Robert Jarvenpa highlights the historical experiences of middle-aged and older individuals who vividly recall a time before the roads and mines existed—when young and old alike spoke the Denesułiné language and when entire families lived in a seasonally nomadic fashion in the bush. They continually invoke the past in the problematic present, a ritualized form of communication integral to resisting or adapting to the erosive changes of a rapidly industrializing resource-extraction frontier. Jarvenpa showcases the spoken words of the Denesułiné informants as a means of documenting and interpreting their historical past in the face of contemporary peril as the subarctic permafrost recedes and multinational corporations eye Indigenous lands for their minerals.
What is it like living among and learning about the cultural realities of other people for the first time? Northern Passage uses the motif of apprenticeship to reveal the humbling, childlike quest of the novice ethnographer, on the one hand, and the trials of an active participant learning the intricacies of bush life and livelihood from subarctic Indian hunting partners and teachers, on the other hand. In the process, Jarvenpas reflexive narrative presents a compelling vision of northern Dene or Athapaskan society. The Han people of the Yukon Territory and eastern Alaska and the Chipewyan of northern Saskatchewan emerge as vividly drawn actors in a cultural landscape distinctly influenced by gold miners, fur traders, missionaries, conservation officers, and other post-colonial agents. This candid but sensitive treatment deals with issues such as trapping economies, knowledge of the environment, dreaming and hunting power, permission and informed consent, language learning, accusations of spying, alcohol use, economic development, partnerships, note-taking, and the pros and cons of active participation. Jarvenpas early field experiences unfold as a primer on false leads, setbacks and revealing discoveries building to a suspenseful aftershock.
Once an integral feature of the culture and economy of the St. Francis Abenaki at Odanak, splint basketry has become an activity of the elderly. This volume examines the reasons for this change as indicated by alterations to basketry style and construction between 1880 and the present and the influence of historical events.
A study of narratives told by female members of the Tagish and Tutchone of central and southern Yukon with particular emphasis on their cultural continuity, function during a period of significant change, and the insights they offer into traditional gender roles. Most important is the author’s revelation of the importance of context in understanding such stories.
This paper describes the ethnographic context and analyses the structural characteristics of Bella Coola songs. Seventy-three original transcriptions which encompass a broad spectrum of Bella Coola ceremonial and non-ceremonial repertoires are included.
The papers in this volume were prepared for Consciousness and Inquiry, a conference jointly sponsored by the National Museum of Man and the Canadian Ethnology Society, and held in London, Ontario in 1981. The papers focus on interests and concerns which characterize contemporary Canadian ethnology.
This work outlines the grammatical categories and inflections, both nominal and verbal, of the Montagnais dialect of North-West River, Labrador. The phonological system of the dialect is briefly sketched and, although the present work does not treat the derivational aspects of Montagnais morphology, certain very common derivational forms are included. A survey of the chief sentence types of the North-West River Montagnais is provided.
This Ojibwa lexicon provides data on the geographical distribution and historical development of a variety of Ojibwa dialects. As many features of Ojibwa words are indicated by their endings, a reverse version, sorted right-to-left, is included.
