Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intra-Group Financing
Transfer Pricing Aspects of Intra-Group Financing

Author: Raffaele Petruzzi

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2013-10-20

Total Pages: 286

ISBN-13: 9041167331

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For corporate managers, maximization of the profits and the market value of the firm is a prime objective. The logical working out of this principle in multinational enterprises has led to an intense focus on transfer pricing between related companies, principally on account of the very attractive tax advantages made possible. Inevitably, numerous countries have established transfer pricing legislation designed to combat the distortions and manipulations that are inherent in such transactions. This important book, one of the first in-depth analysis of the current worldwide working of transfer pricing in intra-group financing and its resonance in law, presents the relevant issues related to loans, financial guarantees, and cash pooling; analyses an innovative possible approach to these issues; and describes new methodologies that can be implemented in practice in order to make intra-group financing more compliant with efficient corporate financing decisions and the generally accepted OECD arm’s length principle. Comparing the tax measures implemented in the corporate tax law systems of forty countries, this study investigates such aspects of intra-group financing as the following: – corporate finance theories, studies, and surveys regarding financing decisions; – application of the arm’s length principle to limit the deductibility of interest expenses; – impact of the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project; – transfer pricing issues related to intra-group financing; – credit risk in corporate finance; – rationales utilized by credit rating agencies; and – the assessment of arm’s length nature of intra-group financing. The author describes ways in which the application of the arm’s length principle can be strengthened and how the related risk of distortion and manipulation can be minimized. The solutions and methodologies proposed are applicable to any business sector. Given that determination of the arm’s length nature of transactions between related companies is one of the most difficult tasks currently faced by taxpayers and tax administrations around the world, this thorough assessment and analysis will prove extraordinarily useful for in-house and advisory practitioners, corporate officers, academics, international organizations, and government officials charged with finding effective responses to the serious issues raised. In addition to its well-researched analysis, the book’s comparative overview of how loans, financial guarantees, and cash pooling are currently addressed by OECD Member States and by their national courts is of great practical value in business decision making.

Transfer Pricing and Intra-group Financing
Transfer Pricing and Intra-group Financing

Author: Anuschka Bakker

Publisher: IBFD

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 593

ISBN-13: 9087221525

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This book explores transfer pricing issues related to intra-group financing transactions. It is an invaluable resource for tax practitioners, tax lawyers, tax managers, tax directors of corporations, treasurers and tax authorities, in all facets of transfer pricing and intra-group financing.

Fundamentals of Transfer Pricing
Fundamentals of Transfer Pricing

Author: Michael Lang

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2021-06-18

Total Pages: 484

ISBN-13: 9403517247

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Transfer pricing is one of the most relevant and challenging topics in international taxation. Over the last century, nearly every country in the world introduced transfer pricing rules into their domestic legislation. Indeed, it was estimated that profit shifting generated by the improper application of transfer pricing rules has resulted in global tax losses worth USD 500 billion for governments – 20% of all corporate tax revenues. It is thus imperative that all tax professionals thoroughly understand the nature of transfer pricing and how the growing body of applicable rules works in practice. In this crucially significant volume, stakeholders from government, multinational companies, international organisations, advisory groups and academia offer deeply informed perspectives, both general and specific, on the practical application of transfer pricing rules, taking into consideration all the most recent developments. With approximately 160 practical examples and 90 relevant international judicial precedents, the presentation proceeds from general to more specialised topics. Such aspects of the subject as the following are thoroughly analysed: what is transfer pricing and the purpose of transfer pricing rules; the arm’s length principle and its application; the consequences of a transaction not being in accordance with the arm’s length principle; the transfer pricing methods; the mechanisms to avoid and resolve disputes; the transfer pricing documentation; the attribution of profits to permanent establishments; the transfer pricing aspects of specific transactions, such as services, financing, intangibles and business restructurings. The application of transfer pricing legislation is arguably the most difficult task that taxpayers and tax authorities around the world must face. With this authoritative source of practical guidance, government officials, tax lawyers, in-house tax counsel, academics, advisory firms, the business community and other stakeholders worldwide will have all the detail they need to move forward in tackling this thorny aspect of the current tax environment.

OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2022
OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2022

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2022-01-20

Total Pages: 658

ISBN-13: 9264921915

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In a global economy where multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a prominent role, governments need to ensure that the taxable profits of MNEs are not artificially shifted out of their jurisdiction and that the tax base reported by MNEs in their country reflects the economic activity undertaken therein. For taxpayers, it is essential to limit the risks of economic double taxation.

Transfer Pricing and Financing
Transfer Pricing and Financing

Author: Raffaele Petruzzi

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2023-03-09

Total Pages: 261

ISBN-13: 9403540338

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In recent years, the interpretation and implementation of transfer pricing regulations of intra-group transactions involving financing functions increased exponentially as one of the main priorities of both taxpayers and governments. This topic has also attracted the attention of international organizations since 1972, whereby an extensive guidance has been rendered by the OECD in the Transfer Pricing Guidance on Financial Transactions that became Chapter X of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines in February 2020. Not long after, the United Nations included these topics in Chapter 9 of its Practical Manual for Developing Countries in 2021. This book’s comprehensive approach to the practical application of transfer pricing rules to specific types of financing transactions ensures an in-depth understanding of the taxation of these transactions between related parties. Chapters contributed by renowned academics and practitioners based also on the work of international organizations elucidate the complex interaction between transfer pricing and the following types of intra-group financial transactions: loans; financial guarantees; cash pooling; hybrid financing; factoring; captive insurance; and asset management. Each contribution contains a balanced mix of theoretical understanding and practical examples, including case studies and references to key case law. Aware that legal certainty in this area remains unachievable despite the relevant work so far of the OECD and the UN, this book aims to alleviate this deficiency with principle-based and practical knowledge on transfer pricing applied to financial transactions. Tax lawyers, in-house tax counsel, tax authorities, international organizations, business communities, advisory firms, and academics will welcome this matchless overview and guide to one of the most important topics in international taxation.

Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2013-02-12

Total Pages: 91

ISBN-13: 9264192743

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This report presents studies and data available regarding the existence and magnitude of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), and contains an overview of global developments that have an impact on corporate tax matters.

Introduction to Transfer Pricing
Introduction to Transfer Pricing

Author: Jerome Monsenego

Publisher:

Published: 2013-01-01

Total Pages: 163

ISBN-13: 9789144092706

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Transfer pricing is an area of tax law that has significantly expanded over the last decades. With the globalisation of business activities, the threat of international double taxation, and the need for States to monitor transfer prices to avoid the illegitimate erosion of their tax base, transfer pricing has become a key question for multinational enterprises and tax administrations. The book provides a general overview on the fundamentals of transfer pricing from an OECD perspective. The book also illustrates the fundamentals of transfer pricing with concrete examples based on the structures often used by multinational enterprises when entering into cross-border intercompany transactions. This book is primarily addressed to students reading international tax courses, but may also be of use to tax professionals in matters pertaining to transfer pricing.

Fundamentals of Transfer Pricing
Fundamentals of Transfer Pricing

Author: Michael Lang

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789041189943

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Transfer pricing continues to be one of the most significant areas of heightened controversy in international taxation for multinational enterprises and tax administrations. Due to its far-reaching consequences, tax professionals and individual tax jurisdictions are required to understand the fundamentals of the topic, which is often caught in a maze of literature. Emerging from the joint research conducted by the WU Transfer Pricing Center at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business), the international tax law firm L&P - Ludovici Piccone & Partners, and the experiences from the annual advanced transfer pricing courses and conferences, this first edition of the book acts as a manual for understanding transfer pricing principles and their practical application. It provides a balanced approach by first detailing the basics of transfer pricing and second proceeding to specific topics that are highly relevant in today's tax environment. In analysing the topics, the work undertaken by the OECD, UN, EU, World Customs Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and other international organizations is considered. Moreover, the book contains several practical examples, judicial precedents and illustrative explanations to complement the understanding.

Transfer Pricing and Intangibles
Transfer Pricing and Intangibles

Author: Michael Lang

Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH

Published: 2019-04-11

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 370941010X

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Transfer pricing treatment of intangibles: Issues und developments In recent decades, intangibles have become one of the most relevant success factors for Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). Along with the increasing importance of intangibles for economies, their tax treatment has also been under scrutiny which includes inter alia respective transfer pricing issues. MNEs are seeking for the best ways to optimize their business arrangements with the related intangibles while, at the same time, getting the most tax-efficient treatment. On the other hand, tax authorities have become increasingly concerned with the ease that intangibles can be used in aggressive planning. These concerns have been noticed and addressed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development which presented its main findings with respect to transfer pricing aspects of intangibles in Action 8 of the BEPS Project in 2015 and in the 2017 OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines. This book is based on the outcomes of the presentations and discussions held during the WU Transfer Pricing Symposium, ‘Transfer Pricing and Intangibles: Current Developments, Relevant Issues and Possible Solutions’, that took place in October 2018 at the WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. The publication discusses the most important issues and recent developments related to transfer pricing treatment of intangibles. Starting with the definition of intangibles, it further deals with topics such as appropriate attribution of intangible-related profits, structuring of intangibles in MNEs, and proper valuation of intangibles. The authors, apart from providing a theoretical background to the discussed issues, also present case studies that show how certain issues can be approached in practice. Every chapter ends with a summary of the discussions held during the panels of the Transfer Pricing Symposium in which representatives of tax administrations, multinationals, and tax advisories presented their opinions on the issues at stake.