Trade, the Damage from Alien Species, and the Effects of Protectionism Under Alternate Market Structures
Trade, the Damage from Alien Species, and the Effects of Protectionism Under Alternate Market Structures

Author: Amitrajeet A. Batabyal

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 39

ISBN-13:

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We first construct three measures of the expected damage from the unintentional introduction of alien species into a country called Home. We then focus on four market structures. First, perfect competition prevails in both Home and Foreign and Home is a small country. Second, the Home and the Foreign markets are both perfectly competitive but Home is now a large country. Third, the exporter in Foreign is a monopolist and there are no import competing firms in Home. Finally, the Foreign exporter and the import competing firm in Home engage in Cournot competition. In all four scenarios, we analyze the impact of small and optimal Home tariffs on prices, exports, imports, the damage from alien species, and social welfare, in Home. Inter alia, our analysis identifies conditions under which it makes sense to use trade policy (tariffs) to regulate invasive species and conditions under which it does not.

Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management Fiscal 2003-2011 Activities
Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management Fiscal 2003-2011 Activities

Author: Craig Osteen

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2011-08

Total Pages: 73

ISBN-13: 1437986013

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Under the Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management (PREISM), the U.S. Department of Agriculture¿s (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS) conducts intramural research and funds extramural research to support the economic basis of decision-making concerning invasive species issues, policies, and programs. This report details the objectives and activities of PREISM including important accomplishments for fiscal years 2003-2011. Included are descriptions of the extramural research program and all funded projects, and a list of project outputs. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.

Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management
Program of Research on the Economics of Invasive Species Management

Author: Sandra Blas-Rivera

Publisher: DIANE Publishing

Published: 2010-11

Total Pages: 59

ISBN-13: 1437921450

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In 2003, the U.S. Dept. of Ag. initiated the Program of Research on the Econ. of Invasive Species Mgmt. (PREISM) to examine the economics of managing invasive pests in increasingly global ag. markets. Invasive species are defined to include any vertebrate, invertebrate, weed, fungus, plant disease, livestock disease, or other organism that meets the following criteria: Is non-native, alien, or exotic to the ecosystem where it exists or potentially could be introduced -- incl. ag., range, and forest ecosystems; and when introduced, causes, or is likely to cause, economic or environ. harm. PREISM¿s will build a high-quality, multidisciplinary research program to provide analytically based principles, guidelines, and criteria for invasive species policy. Ill.

International Handbook on Ecotourism
International Handbook on Ecotourism

Author: Roy Ballantyne

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2013-01-01

Total Pages: 521

ISBN-13: 0857939971

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Roy and Jan have assembled a timely snapshot of our current understanding of ecotourism, both as a concept worthy of scientific inquiry and as an increasingly significant segment of global commerce and industry. A terrific piece of work! Sam Ham, University of Idaho, US In the 30 or so year since it became established in the tourism literature and in tourism practice, ecotourism has attracted as many proponents as opponents. This Handbook now brings together some of the leading scholars worldwide in this field, to explore the current position of this form of tourism. In doing so, it offers serious critiques, it explores meanings and paradoxes, it offers best practices and it looks to the future. It is the Handbook for one of tourisms fastest growing and controversial sectors. David Airey, University of Surrey, UK This is a most welcome and needed book. With a very strong editorial team and contributing authors, the Handbook covers all the key issues of ecotourism. It cuts through the confusion surrounding the much-misunderstood concept of ecotourism, clearly dealing with definitions, concepts and research issues. The Handbook is particularly welcome for its focus on the visitor experience, a strength of the editors, and for clearly linking the theory of ecotourism with practice in the field. Christopher Cooper, Oxford Brookes University, UK This Handbook brings together contributions from over forty international experts in the field of ecotourism. It provides a critical review and discussion of current issues and concepts it challenges readers to consider the boundaries of what ecotourism is, and could be. The Handbook provides practical information regarding the business of ecotourism; insights into ecotourist behaviour and visitor experiences; and reflections on the practice of ecotourism in a range of different contexts. The Handbook is designed to be a valuable reference book for tourism scholars and researchers.

The Economics of Agricultural and Wildlife Smuggling
The Economics of Agricultural and Wildlife Smuggling

Author: Peyton Ferrier

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The United States bans imports of certain agricultural and wildlife goods that can carry pathogens or diseases or whose harvest can threaten wildlife stocks or endanger species. Despite these bans, contraband is regularly uncovered in inspections of cargo containers and in domestic markets. This study characterizes the economic factors affecting agricultural and wildlife smuggling by drawing on inspection and interdiction data from USDA and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and existing economic literature. Findings reveal that agricultural and wildlife smuggling primarily include luxury goods, ethnic foods, and specialty goods, such as traditional medicines. Incidents of detected smuggling are disproportionately higher for agricultural goods originating in China and for wildlife goods originating in Mexico. Fragmentary data show that approximately 1 percent of all commercial wildlife shipments to the United States and 0.40 percent of all U.S. wildlife imports by value are refused entry and suspected of being smuggled.

World Development Report 2020
World Development Report 2020

Author: World Bank

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2019-11-19

Total Pages: 511

ISBN-13: 1464814953

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Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.

Environment and Trade
Environment and Trade

Author: International Institute for Sustainable Development

Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 1895536219

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Reference tool to facilitate broader understanding and awareness of relationship between environment and trade which can then become the basis on which fair and environmentally sustainable policies and trade flows are built.

Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements
Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements

Author: Aaditya Mattoo

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2020-09-23

Total Pages: 768

ISBN-13: 1464815542

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Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).

Domestic Regulation and Service Trade Liberalization
Domestic Regulation and Service Trade Liberalization

Author: Pierre Sauve

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2003-08-29

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13: 0821383434

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Trade in services, far more than trade in goods, is affected by a variety of domestic regulations, ranging from qualification and licensing requirements in professional services to pro-competitive regulation in telecommunications services. Experience shows that the quality of regulation strongly influences the consequences of trade liberalization. WTO members have agreed that a central task in the ongoing services negotiations will be to develop a set of rules to ensure that domestic regulations support rather than impede trade liberalization. Since these rules are bound to have a profound impact on the evolution of policy, particularly in developing countries, it is important that they be conducive to economically rational policy-making. This book addresses two central questions: What impact can international trade rules on services have on the exercise of domestic regulatory sovereignty? And how can services negotiations be harnessed to promote and consolidate domestic policy reform across highly diverse sectors? The book, with contributions from several of the world's leading experts in the field, explores a range of rule-making challenges arising at this policy interface, in areas such as transparency, standards and the adoption of a necessity test for services trade. Contributions also provide an in-depth look at these issues in the key areas of accountancy, energy, finance, health, telecommunications and transportation services.