Éducation and the Labour Market
Éducation and the Labour Market

Author: Pavlina Karasiatou

Publisher: Presses univ. de Louvain

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 111

ISBN-13: 2874632023

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Education and work account for the largest period in a person's life. Furthermore, there are strong ties between education and the labour market. This thesis explores the interrelations among them and identifies gains and losses for the individual.

Three Essays in Labor Economics
Three Essays in Labor Economics

Author: Taehoon Kim

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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This dissertation presents three essays in labor economics. Chapter 1 explores the effects of changes in the overall educational attainment of workers on wage and employment structure, exploiting a college education policy that has been implemented in Korea over the past 60 years. The Korean government determines a college enrollment quota for each year, which limits the number of college freshmen. The quota has been binding in all years. This study first estimates the causal effect of the relative supply of college workers to high school workers on the relative wage using the college enrollment quota as an exclusion restriction. It then develops and estimates a dynamic equilibrium model that explains the changes in educational attainment, wages, and employment structure simultaneously. Chapter 2 separately estimates the effects of kindergarten-entry age, age-at-test and schooling on cognitive skills using the new identification strategy. These three variables are considered to be perfectly multicollinear so that it is deemed that it is not possible to identify their effects separately. I exploit summer break as a period when age increases but schooling does not. The summer break and the variations in survey date in NLSY79-CS make it possible to resolve the multicollinearity problem. The main findings from the instrumental variable estimations are (1) kindergarten-entry age has a positive effect on math and reading scores; (2)the aging without schooling during summer break does not improve any test score; (3) schooling is the most important factor that improves the cognitive skills among the three factors. Chapter 3 investigates pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns to education exploiting regional variations in college attendance rate induced by the College Enrollment Quota Policy in Korea. The Korean government regulates the maximum number of college freshmen that each college can select for each year. This study employs the ratio of college enrollment quota to the number of 12th graders in the province of residence as an instrument for the years of education. The IV estimates show that an additional year of education increases hourly wage by 10.8-13.6 percent by specification. Education also increases fringe benefits, job satisfaction and life satisfaction.

Essays on Labor Supply
Essays on Labor Supply

Author: Martino Tasso

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13:

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Abstract: My dissertation consists of three applied studies in the area of public finance and labor economics. In the first chapter, "The effect of financial aid and tax policies on educational choices", I build and estimate a structural dynamic life-cycle model of education choices, labor force participation, and saving decisions by young men in the United States. The model is estimated with the method of simulated moments using a longitudinal sample of white, black, and Hispanic young men from the 1997 panel of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The model incorporates unobservable abilities, tuition costs, and the main features of the U.S. federal income tax. In particular, it takes into account the structure of the Lifetime Learning Tax Credit. I use the estimated model to simulate the impact of a number of education policy changes. I find a sizeable effect on college enrollment from a general tuition reduction as well as a large increase in graduate school attendance from making the Lifetime Learning Tax Credit refundable. In the second chapter, "Aggregate wage dynamics and labor supply: an application to the U.S.", I estimate labor supply elasticities using the change in the return to skills over time as a source of exogenous variation in gross wages. The last few decades have seen a tremendous amount of change in the U.S. labor market: female labor force participation rates have risen, while the wage premium for college education and wage inequality have increased because of an higher demand for skilled labor. The number of hours worked is found to react weakly to changes in the offered wage. In the third chapter, "Labor supply effects of tax-based income-support mechanisms", I build and estimate a static discrete choice model of labor supply for single women in the United States. It incorporates the main features of the federal income tax. I estimate the model using cross-sectional data, and I use it to simulate hypothetical reforms to the tax and benefit system, which is found to have a large effect on the labor force participation decision of single individuals.