Three Essays on Export Concentration, International Environmental Agreements, and the Carbon Content of Trade
Author: Mihai Paraschiv
Publisher:
Published: 2016
Total Pages: 163
ISBN-13:
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Three Essays in Environmental and Public Economics
Author: Sarani Saha
Publisher: ProQuest
Published: 2007
Total Pages: 238
ISBN-13: 9780549363200
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis thesis considers the problem of provision of public good--both global and domestic. The first part of the thesis looks at how heterogeneity among countries affect their incentives to join an international environmental agreement (IEA). Understanding the effects of heterogeneity is important in designing international treaties like the Kyoto protocol. The countries differ in damage costs from emissions. A two-stage game of IEA formation is solved and analyzed to reflect the effect of heterogeneity. Given the damage costs, the model can predict analytically the size and type of an agreement. The results indicate that the agreement is larger in presence of heterogeneity than it is when all the countries are homogeneous. The trade-off result between depth and breadth of an agreement, as found in the models with identical countries, is present in the heterogeneous case as well. Broad agreements are found to be shallow while deep agreements are narrow.
Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement
Author: Gene M. Grossman
Publisher:
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 72
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn general, a reduction in trade barriers will affect the environment by expanding the scale of economic activity, by altering the composition of economic activity and by initiating a change in the techniques of production. We present empirical evidence to assess the relative magnitudes of these three effects as they apply to further trade liberalization in Mexico. We first use comparable measures of three air pollutants in a cross-section of urban areas located in 42 countries to study the relationship between air quality and economic growth. We find for two pollutants (sulphur dioxide and 'smoke') that concentrations increase with per capita GDP at low levels of national income, but decrease with GDP growth at higher levels of income. We then study the determinants of the industry pattern of US imports from Mexico and of value added by Mexico's maquiladora sector. We investigate whether the size of pollution abatement costs in US industry influences the pattern of international trade and investment. Finally, we use the results from a computable general equilibrium model to study the likely compositional effect of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on pollution in Mexico.
Free Trade and the Environment
Author: Kevin Gallagher
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Published: 2004
Total Pages: 135
ISBN-13: 0804751250
DOWNLOAD EBOOK'Free Trade and the Environment' examines the impact of international economic integration on the environment, taking as a case study the experience of Mexico, as it transformed itself from one of the most closed economies in the world to one of the mostopen.
The Trade and Climate Change Nexus
Author: Paul Brenton
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2021-10-22
Total Pages: 179
ISBN-13: 1464817731
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWhile trade exacerbates climate change, it is also a central part of the solution because it has the potential to enhance mitigation and adaptation. This timely report explores the different ways in which trade and climate change intersect. Trade contributes to the emissions that cause global warming and is itself also affected by climate change through changing comparative advantages. The report also confronts several myths concerning trade and climate change. The Trade and Climate Change Nexus: The Urgency and Opportunities for Developing Countries focuses on the impacts of, and adjustments to, climate change in developing countries and on how future trade opportunities will be affected by both the changing climate and the policy responses to address it. The report discusses how trade can provide the goods and services that drive mitigation and adaptation. It also addresses how climate change creates immense challenges for developing countries, but also new opportunities to promote trade diversification in the transition to a low-carbon world. Suitable trade and environmental policies can offer effective economic incentives to attain both sustainable growth and poverty reduction.
International Trade Regulation and the Mitigation of Climate Change
Author: Thomas Cottier
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2009-09-24
Total Pages: 473
ISBN-13: 1139482807
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWhat can trade regulation contribute towards ameliorating the GHG emissions and reducing their concentrations in the atmosphere? This collection of essays analyses options for climate-change mitigation through the lens of the trade lawyer. By examining international law, and in particular the relevant WTO agreements, the authors address the areas of potential conflict between international trade law and international law on climate mitigation and, where possible, suggest ways to strengthen mutual supportiveness between the two regimes. They do so taking into account the drivers of human-induced climate change in energy markets and of consumption.
Trade and Environment
Author: Adil Najam
Publisher:
Published: 2007
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDiversification and Cooperation in a Decarbonizing World
Author: Grzegorz Peszko
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2020-07-24
Total Pages: 160
ISBN-13: 1464813418
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book is the first stocktaking of what the decarbonization of the world economy means for fossil fuel†“dependent countries. These countries are the most exposed to the impacts of global climate policies and, at the same time, are often unprepared to manage them. They depend on the export of oil, gas, or coal; the use of carbon-intensive infrastructure (for example, refineries, petrochemicals, and coal power plants); or both. Fossil fuel†“dependent countries face financial, fiscal, and macro-structural risks from the transition of the global economy away from carbon-intensive fuels and the value chains based on them. This book focuses on managing these transition risks and harnessing related opportunities. Diversification and Cooperation in a Decarbonizing World identifies multiple strategies that fossil fuel†“dependent countries can pursue to navigate the turbulent waters of a low-carbon transition. The policy and investment choices to be made in the next decade will determine these countries’ degree of exposure and overall resilience. Abandoning their comfort zones and developing completely new skills and capabilities in a time frame consistent with the Paris Agreement on climate change is a daunting challenge and requires long-term revenue visibility and consistent policy leadership. This book proposes a constructive framework for climate strategies for fossil fuel†“dependent countries based on new approaches to diversification and international climate cooperation. Climate policy leaders share responsibility for creating room for all countries to contribute to the goals of the Paris Agreement, taking into account the specific vulnerabilities and opportunities each country faces.
Environment and Trade
Author: International Institute for Sustainable Development
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
Published: 2000
Total Pages: 96
ISBN-13: 1895536219
DOWNLOAD EBOOKReference tool to facilitate broader understanding and awareness of relationship between environment and trade which can then become the basis on which fair and environmentally sustainable policies and trade flows are built.
Trade and the Environment
Author: Brian R. Copeland
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2013-12-03
Total Pages: 305
ISBN-13: 1400850703
DOWNLOAD EBOOKNowhere has the divide between advocates and critics of globalization been more striking than in debates over free trade and the environment. And yet the literature on the subject is high on rhetoric and low on results. This book is the first to systematically investigate the subject using both economic theory and empirical analysis. Brian Copeland and Scott Taylor establish a powerful theoretical framework for examining the impact of international trade on local pollution levels, and use it to offer a uniquely integrated treatment of the links between economic growth, liberalized trade, and the environment. The results will surprise many. The authors set out the two leading theories linking international trade to environmental outcomes, develop the empirical implications, and examine their validity using data on measured sulfur dioxide concentrations from over 100 cities worldwide during the period from 1971 to 1986. The empirical results are provocative. For an average country in the sample, free trade is good for the environment. There is little evidence that developing countries will specialize in pollution-intensive products with further trade. In fact, the results suggest just the opposite: free trade will shift pollution-intensive goods production from poor countries with lax regulation to rich countries with tight regulation, thereby lowering world pollution. The results also suggest that pollution declines amid economic growth fueled by economy-wide technological progress but rises when growth is fueled by capital accumulation alone. Lucidly argued and authoritatively written, this book will provide students and researchers of international trade and environmental economics a more reliable way of thinking about this contentious issue, and the methodological tools with which to do so.
