This book has been written for graduate students, scientists and engineers who need in-depth theoretical foundations to solve two-phase problems in various technological systems. Based on extensive research experiences focused on the fundamental physics of two-phase flow, the authors present the detailed theoretical foundation of multi-phase flow thermo-fluid dynamics as they apply to a variety of scenarios, including nuclear reactor transient and accident analysis, energy systems, power generation systems and even space propulsion.
The book provides the theoretical fundamentals on turbulence and a complete overview of turbulence models, from the simplest to the most advanced ones including Direct and Large Eddy Simulation. It mainly focuses on problems of modeling and computation, and provides information regarding the theory of dynamical systems and their bifurcations. It also examines turbulence aspects which are not treated in most existing books on this subject, such as turbulence in free and mixed convection, transient turbulence and transition to turbulence. The book adopts the tensor notation, which is the most appropriate to deal with intrinsically tensor quantities such as stresses and strain rates, and for those who are not familiar with it an Appendix on tensor algebra and tensor notation are provided.
Infrared thermography is a measurement technique that enables to obtain non intrusive measurements of surface temperatures. One of the interesting features of this technique is its ability to measure a full two dimensional map of the surface temperature and for this reason it has been widely used as a flow visualization technique. Since the temperature measurements can be extremely accurate it is possible, by using a heat flux sensor, also to measure convective heat transfer coefficient distributions on a surface making the technique de facto quantitative. This book, starting from the basic theory of infrared thermography and heat flux sensor guides, both the experienced researcher and the young student, in the correct application of this powerful technique to various practical problems. A significant number of examples and applications are also examined in detail.
Thermofluids, while a relatively modern term, is applied to the well-established field of thermal sciences, which is comprised of various intertwined disciplines. Thus mass, momentum, and heat transfer constitute the fundamentals of th- mofluids. This book discusses thermofluids in the context of thermodynamics, single- and two-phase flow, as well as heat transfer associated with single- and two-phase flows. Traditionally, the field of thermal sciences is taught in univer- ties by requiring students to study engineering thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer, in that order. In graduate school, these topics are discussed at more advanced levels. In recent years, however, there have been attempts to in- grate these topics through a unified approach. This approach makes sense as thermal design of widely varied systems ranging from hair dryers to semicond- tor chips to jet engines to nuclear power plants is based on the conservation eq- tions of mass, momentum, angular momentum, energy, and the second law of thermodynamics. While integrating these topics has recently gained popularity, it is hardly a new approach. For example, Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot in Transport Phenomena, Rohsenow and Choi in Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer, El- Wakil, in Nuclear Heat Transport, and Todreas and Kazimi in Nuclear Systems have pursued a similar approach. These books, however, have been designed for advanced graduate level courses. More recently, undergraduate books using an - tegral approach are appearing.
Combining previously unconnected computational methods, this monograph discusses the latest basic schemes and algorithms for the solution of fluid, heat and mass transfer problems coupled with electrodynamics. It presents the necessary mathematical background of computational thermo-fluid dynamics, the numerical implementation and the application to real-world problems. Particular emphasis is placed throughout on the use of electromagnetic fields to control the heat, mass and fluid flows in melts and on phase change phenomena during the solidification of pure materials and binary alloys. However, the book provides much more than formalisms and algorithms; it also stresses the importance of good, feasible and workable models to understand complex systems, and develops these in detail. Bringing computational fluid dynamics, thermodynamics and electrodynamics together, this is a useful source for materials scientists, PhD students, solid state physicists, process engineers and mechanical engineers, as well as lecturers in mechanical engineering.
Thermofluid Modeling for Sustainable Energy Applications provides a collection of the most recent, cutting-edge developments in the application of fluid mechanics modeling to energy systems and energy efficient technology. Each chapter introduces relevant theories alongside detailed, real-life case studies that demonstrate the value of thermofluid modeling and simulation as an integral part of the engineering process. Research problems and modeling solutions across a range of energy efficiency scenarios are presented by experts, helping users build a sustainable engineering knowledge base. The text offers novel examples of the use of computation fluid dynamics in relation to hot topics, including passive air cooling and thermal storage. It is a valuable resource for academics, engineers, and students undertaking research in thermal engineering. - Includes contributions from experts in energy efficiency modeling across a range of engineering fields - Places thermofluid modeling and simulation at the center of engineering design and development, with theory supported by detailed, real-life case studies - Features hot topics in energy and sustainability engineering, including thermal storage and passive air cooling - Provides a valuable resource for academics, engineers, and students undertaking research in thermal engineering
A fully comprehensive guide to thermal systems design covering fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, heat transfer and thermodynamic power cycles Bridging the gap between the fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and thermodynamics, and the practical design of thermo-fluids components and systems, this textbook focuses on the design of internal fluid flow systems, coiled heat exchangers and performance analysis of power plant systems. The topics are arranged so that each builds upon the previous chapter to convey to the reader that topics are not stand-alone items during the design process, and that they all must come together to produce a successful design. Because the complete design or modification of modern equipment and systems requires knowledge of current industry practices, the authors highlight the use of manufacturer’s catalogs to select equipment, and practical examples are included throughout to give readers an exhaustive illustration of the fundamental aspects of the design process. Key Features: Demonstrates how industrial equipment and systems are designed, covering the underlying theory and practical application of thermo-fluid system design Practical rules-of-thumb are included in the text as ‘Practical Notes’ to underline their importance in current practice and provide additional information Includes an instructor’s manual hosted on the book’s companion website
This text is concerned with the methods in which different types of energy are converted from one form to another. In particular, the book examines why so many of the energy conversion processes which involve heat have a low efficiency rating.
It is recognized that the study of mechanical engineering is built of a number of engineering sciences, some of which are of basic nature whereas some other are of applied nature. "Basic Thermodynamics" and "Basic Fluid Dynamics" are probably the two most important basic engineering sciences in the build of a Mechanical Power Engineer. In applied mechanical power engineering sciences, the principles introduced and analysed in these two basic sciences are common divisors. In other words, we may look at these two branches of basic engineering sciences as two legs on which Mechanical Power Engineering applications appear to stand. The science of "Basic Thermodynamics " is based mainly on a number of basic principles (in the form of laws) that lead to a number of equations describing and governing the behavior of several mechanical power systems. It is therefore of particular importance to introduce and analyse such equations. It is also essential to relate these principles and equations to each other and, whenever possible, to pertinent phenomena and applications. This may be achieved via worked examples that stem from from engineering practice. The science of "Basic Fluid Dynamics" is another basic engineering science of equal importance to "Basic Thermodynamics". The principles introduced and analysed by this basic science find applications in almost all applied mechanical power engineering sciences. Examples of these applied sciences are "Applied Thermodynamics", "Applied Fluid Dynamics", "Combustion Engineering"," Turbo-machinery", "Refrigeration and Air-conditioning", "Power Plants", "Gas dynamics". "Propulsion systems" ….etc. Because of the close inter-relation between the science of basic thermodynamics and the science of basic fluid dynamics, it has become a common practice to contained both sciences in one textbook under the title “Basic Thermo/fluid Dynamics” (the title of the present textbook). The present textbook on "Basic Thermo/fluid Dynamics" has been divided into distinct parts: A and B. In part A, we concentrate on "Basic Thermodynamics", attempting to present, with as much clarity as possible, the basic principles therein and giving several worked examples for the sake of clarification. In part B, we concentrate on "Basic Fluid Dynamics", applying the same philosophy as in Part A. In this part also, a special section (in chapter five) containing a rather concise manipulation of the applied science of "Compressible Fluid (Gas) Dynamics" is presented, being an important combined application of the basic principles discussed in thermodynamics and fluid dynamics. Moreover, It was felt by the authors that it is particularly important to include this section on gas dynamics, since, in spite of being applied in nature, it is regarded by many as basic more than applied. The last chapter of Part A and chapter five of Part B cover some important engineering applications of the principles given apriori. Each of these applications may be looked upon as a brief exposition of an applied engineering science carrying the title of the application under consideration. This was felt imperative to the advantage hopefully to be gained by the student. The authors are indebted to their colleague Dr. Mohammad S.H. Emeara of the Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Zagazig University, for assisting with part of the illustrations and wish to thank him for rendering this assistance in the early stages of preparation of this textbook.
The current book, Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer is based on author's four decades of industrial and academic research in the area of thermofluid sciences including fluid mechanics, aero-thermodynamics, heat transfer and their applications to engineering systems. Fluid mechanics and heat transfer are inextricably intertwined and both are two integral parts of one physical discipline. No problem from fluid mechanics that requires the calculation of the temperature can be solved using the system of Navier-Stokes and continuity equations only. Conversely, no heat transfer problem can be solved using the energy equation only without using the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The fact that there is no book treating this physical discipline as a unified subject in a single book that considers the need of the engineering and physics community, motivated the author to write this book. It is primarily aimed at students of engineering, physics and those practicing professionals who perform aero-thermo-heat transfer design tasks in the industry and would like to deepen their knowledge in this area. The contents of this new book covers the material required in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer Graduate Core Courses in the US universities. It also covers the major parts of the Ph.D-level elective courses Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer that the author has been teaching at Texas A&M University for the past three decades.
