Theory and Application of Microbiological Assay first presents an overview of microbiological assay, including general principles, basic techniques, capabilities, and limitations. This book also explains when to use a certain microbiological assay for specific analysis, citing examples to further clarify the matter. Some chapters discuss the test organisms and solutions, wherein test solutions are the final dilutions at a series of two or more concentrations that have been prepared from reference standard and unknown for application to the test system. Other chapters explore the various aspects of agar diffusion assays, tube assays, and diffusion assays. The book further looks into the quality control procedures, assay design and evaluation, and assay replication. This book will serve as an introduction to newcomers to the field and as a reference source for established workers in microbiological assay.
A user-friendly guide for the evaluation of microbiological assays, this book provides a lucid explanation of the sources of error in microbiological assay and helps analysts choose efficient assay designs that will minimize those sources of error. The author discusses microbiological assay as a branch of pharmaceutical analysis and distinguishes it from biological assay in general. He draws attention to the microbiological aspects that may not be so obvious to the chemical analyst and to the analytical aspects that may not be so obvious to the microbiologist. The book expands on the guidance given in pharmacopoeias and helps readers choose the assay design most appropriate for the purpose of their assay.
Analytical Microbiology focuses on the processes, methodologies, developments, and approaches involved in analytical microbiology, including microbiological, antibiotic, and amino acid assays and dilution methods. The selection first offers information on the theory of antibiotic inhibition zones, microbiological assay using large plate methods, and dilution methods of antibiotic assays. Discussions focus on serial dilution assay, requirements for accurate assay, microbiological assay of riboflavin, laws of adsorption and partition, mechanisms of antibiotic action, and biological considerations affecting the use of statistical methods. The text then ponders on the elements of photometric assaying and automation of microbiological assays. The manuscript elaborates on antibiotic substances, vitamins, and amino acids. Topics include assay organisms, validity, specificity, reliability, and calculation of results of amino acid assays, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, and streptomycin. The selection is a dependable reference for researchers interested in analytical microbiology.
Infectious diseases are a global hazard that puts every nation and every person at risk. The recent SARS outbreak is a prime example. Knowing neither geographic nor political borders, often arriving silently and lethally, microbial pathogens constitute a grave threat to the health of humans. Indeed, a majority of countries recently identified the spread of infectious disease as the greatest global problem they confront. Throughout history, humans have struggled to control both the causes and consequences of infectious diseases and we will continue to do so into the foreseeable future. Following up on a high-profile 1992 report from the Institute of Medicine, Microbial Threats to Health examines the current state of knowledge and policy pertaining to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases from around the globe. It examines the spectrum of microbial threats, factors in disease emergence, and the ultimate capacity of the United States to meet the challenges posed by microbial threats to human health. From the impact of war or technology on disease emergence to the development of enhanced disease surveillance and vaccine strategies, Microbial Threats to Health contains valuable information for researchers, students, health care providers, policymakers, public health officials. and the interested public.
Infectious Disease Epidemiology is a concise reference guide which provides trainees and practicing epidemiologists with the information that they need to understand the basic concepts necessary for working in this specialist area. Divided into two sections, part one comprehensively covers the basic principles and methods relevant to the study of infectious disease epidemiology. It is organised in order of increasing complexity, ranging from a general introduction to subjects such as mathematical modelling and sero-epidemiology. Part two examines key major infectious diseases that are of global significance. Grouped by their route of transmission for ease of reference, they include diseases that present a particular burden or a high potential for causing mortality. This practical guide will be essential reading for postgraduate students in infectious disease epidemiology, health protection trainees, and practicing epidemiologists.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
"Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology's art program enhances students' understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs. Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology."--BC Campus website.
With the help of leading Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) microbiology specialists in Europe, a complete set of guidelines on how to start and implement a quality system in a microbiological laboratory has been prepared, supported by the European Commission through the Measurement and Testing Programme. The working group included food and water microbiologists from various testing laboratories, universities and industry, as well as statisticians and QA and QC specialists in chemistry.This book contains the outcome of their work. It has been written with the express objective of using simple but accurate wording so as to be accessible to all microbiology laboratory staff. To facilitate reading, the more specialized items, in particular some statistical treatments, have been added as an annex to the book. All QA and QC tools mentioned within these guidelines have been developed and applied by the authors in their own laboratories. All aspects dealing with reference materials and interlaboratory studies have been taken in a large part from the projects conducted within the BCR and Measurement and Testing Programmes of the European Commission.With so many different quality control procedures, their introduction in a laboratory would appear to be a formidable task. The authors recognize that each laboratory manager will choose the most appropriate procedures, depending on the type and size of the laboratory in question. Accreditation bodies will not expect the introduction of all measures, only those that are appropriate for a particular laboratory.Features of this book:• Gives all quality assurance and control measures to be taken, from sampling to expression of results• Provides practical aspects of quality control to be applied both for the analyst and top management• Describes the use of reference materials for statistical control of methods and use of certified reference materials (including statistical tools).
Manual and is a supplement to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for pharmaceutical microbiology testing, including antimicrobial effectiveness testing, microbial examination of non-sterile products, sterility testing, bacterial endotoxin testing, particulate matter, device bioburden and environmental monitoring testing. The goal of this manual is to provide an ORA/CDER harmonized framework on the knowledge, methods and tools needed, and to apply the appropriate scientific standards required to assess the safety and efficacy of medical products within FDA testing laboratories. The PMM has expanded to include some rapid screening techniques along with a new section that covers inspectional guidance for microbiologists that conduct team inspections. This manual was developed by members of the Pharmaceutical Microbiology Workgroup and includes individuals with specialized experience and training. The instructions in this document are guidelines for FDA analysts. When available, analysts should use procedures and worksheets that are standardized and harmonized across all ORA field labs, along with the PMM, when performing analyses related to product testing of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. When changes or deviations are necessary, documentation should be completed per the laboratory's Quality Management System. Generally, these changes should originate from situations such as new products, unusual products, or unique situations. This manual was written to reduce compendia method ambiguity and increase standardization between FDA field laboratories. By providing clearer instructions to FDA ORA labs, greater transparency can be provided to both industry and the public. However, it should be emphasized that this manual is a supplement, and does not replace any information in USP or applicable FDA official guidance references. The PMM does not relieve any person or laboratory from the responsibility of ensuring that the methods being employed from the manual are fit for use, and that all testing is validated and/or verified by the user. The PMM will continually be revised as newer products, platforms and technologies emerge or any significant scientific gaps are identified with product testing. Reference to any commercial materials, equipment, or process in the PMM does not in any way constitute approval, endorsement, or recommendation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Microbial Forensics is a rapidly evolving scientific discipline. In the last decade, and particularly due to the anthrax letter attacks in the United States, microbial forensics has become more formalized and has played an increasingly greater role in crime investigations. This has brought renewed interest, development and application of new technologies, and new rules of forensic and policy engagement. It has many applications ranging from biodefense, criminal investigations, providing intelligence information, making society more secure, and helping protect precious resources, particularly human life. A combination of diverse areas is investigated, including the major disciplines of biology, microbiology, medicine, chemistry, physics, statistics, population genetics, and computer science. Microbial Forensics, Second Edition is fully revised and updated and serves as a complete reference of the discipline. It describes the advances, as well as the challenges and opportunities ahead, and will be integral in applying science to help solve future biocrimes. - A collection of microbiology, virology, toxicology and mycology as it relates to forensics, in one reference - New and expanded content to include statistical analysis of forensic data and legal admissibility and the standards of evidence, to name a few - Includes research information and application of that research to crime scene analysis, which will allow practitioners to understand and apply the knowledge to their practice with ease
