The Human Radiation Experiments
The Human Radiation Experiments

Author: United States. Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 1996-06-06

Total Pages: 655

ISBN-13: 0195107926

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This book describes in fascinating detail the variety of experiments sponsored by the U.S. government in which human subjects were exposed to radiation, often without their knowledge or consent. Based on a review of hundreds of thousands of heretofore unavailable or classified documents, this Report tells a gripping story of the intricate relationship between science and the state.Under the thick veil of government secrecy, researchers conducted experiments that ranged from the mundane to such egregious violations as administering radioactive tracers to mentally retarded teenagers, injecting plutonium into hospital patients, and intentionally releasing radiation into the environment. This volume concludes with a discussion of the Committee's key findings and guidelines for changes in institutional review boards, ethics rules and policies, and balancing national security interests with individual rights. Ethicists, public health professionals and those interested in the history of medicine and Cold War history will be intrigued by the findings of this landmark report.

On the Home Front
On the Home Front

Author: Michele Stenehjem Gerber

Publisher: U of Nebraska Press

Published: 2002-01-01

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 9780803271012

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On the Home Front is the only comprehensive history of the Hanford Nuclear Site, America's most notorious plutonium production facility. Located in southeasternøWashington State, the Hanford Site produced most of the plutonium used in the atomic bombs that effectively ended World War II. This book was made possible by the declassification in the 1980s of tens of thousands of government documents relating to the construction, operation, and maintenance of the site. In a new epilogue, Michele Stenehjem Gerber provides a detailed history and commentary on the first twelve years of the Hanford cleanup project?the largest waste cleanup program in world history.

Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste
Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste

Author: Robert Noyes

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1996-12-31

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13: 081551641X

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Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program.The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations.The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher.However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are:1. Chemical weapons destruction2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extractionThis book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.

Urban Trialogues
Urban Trialogues

Author: André Loeckx

Publisher: UN-HABITAT

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 9789211317091

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Looks at the process and outputs of the Localising Agenda 21 programme in Nakuru (Kenya), Essaouira (Morocco), Vinh (Vietnam) and Bayamo (Cuba). Reflects on the relationship between sustainable visions for possible futures and strategic urban projects.