In early 1947, American officials in Germany stumbled across a document. Headed "Secret Reich matter," it summarized the results of a meeting of top Nazi officials that took place on January 20, 1942, in a grand villa on the shore of Berlin's Lake Wannsee.
On 20 January 1942, fifteen senior German government officials attended a short meeting in Berlin to discuss the deportation and murder of the Jews of Nazi-occupied Europe. Despite lasting less than two hours, the Wannsee Conference is today understood as a signal episode in the history of the Holocaust, exemplifying the labor division and bureaucratization that made the "Final Solution" possible. Yet while the conference itself has been exhaustively researched, many of its attendees remain relatively obscure. Combining accessible prose with scholarly rigor, The Participants presents fascinating profiles of the all-too-human men who implemented some of the most inhuman acts in history.
The complete story of the Wannsee Conference, the meeting that paved the way for the Holocaust. On 20 January 1942, fifteen men arrived for a meeting in a luxurious villa on the shores of the Wannsee in the far-western outskirts of Berlin. They came at the invitation of Reinhard Heydrich and were almost all high-ranking Nazi Party, government, and SS officials. The exquisite position by the lake, the imposing driveway up to the villa, culminating in a generously sized roundabout in front of the house, the expansive, carefully landscaped park, the generous suite of rooms that opened on to the park and the lake, the three-level terrace that stretched the entire garden side of the house, and the winter garden with its marble fountain, all give today's visitor to the villa a good idea of its owner's aspiration to build a sophisticated, almost palatial structure as a testament to his cultivation and worldly success. But the beauty of the situation stood in stark contrast to the purpose of the meeting to which the fifteen had come in January 1942: the 'Final Solution of the Jewish Question'. According to the surviving records of the meeting, items on the agenda included the precise definition of exactly which group of people was to be affected, followed by a discussion of how upwards of eleven million people were to be deported and subjected to the toughest form of forced labour, and following on from this a discussion of how the survivors of this forced labour as well as those not capable of it were ultimately to be killed. The next item on the agenda was breakfast.
In February 1947, US officials in Germany stumbled across a document. Headed Secret Reich matter, it summarized the results of a meeting of top civil servants and SS and party officials that took place on 20 January 1942 in a grand villa on the shore of Berlin's Lake Wannsee. The document came to be known as the Wannsee Protocol, or the most shameful document of modern history.
Volume 11, The Holocaust: Selected Documents in Eighteen Volumes. Introduction by Robert Wolfe, Chief, Modern Military Branch, U.S. National Archives. About six weeks after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering ordered Reinhard Heydrich, Chief of the Security Police, to make preparations for a "total solution" of the Jewish question in Nazi-dominated Europe. One of the results of this order was the conference Am Grossen Wannsee in Berlin on January 20, 1942. Members of a number of German government agencies attended the meeting, at which the "Endloesung" or "Final Solution" was discussed and outlined, together with related topics, such as the treatment of part-Jews and a plan for shipping all Jews to Madagascar. Heydrich proposed that with the aid of the agencies represented, the Jews were to be collected and deported to the East. These discussions are summarized in the Wannsee Protocol and related documents reproduced in both English and German in this volume. Also included is a 1944 report by the U.S. Office of Strategic Services, in which two escapees describe what happened to the deported Jews in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Contains 2 documents of source materials, carefully chosen from the thousands preserved at the U.S. National Archives. A detailed table of contents lists and provides the source for each document. he volumes in the series are organized topically: PLANNING AND PREPARATION 1. Legalizing the Holocaust: The Early Phase, 1933-1939 2. Legalizing the Holocaust: The Later Phase, 1939-1943 3. The Crystal Night Pogrom 4. Propaganda and Aryanization, 1938-1944 5. Jewish Emigration from 1933 to the Evian Conference of 1938 6. Jewish Emigration 1938-1940: Rublee Negotiations and the Intergovernmental Committee 7. Jewish Emigration: The S.S. St. Louis Affair and Other Cases THE KILLING OF THE JEWS 8. Deportation of the Jews to the East: Stettin, 1940, to Hungary, 1944 9. Medical Experiments on Jewish Inmates of Concentration Camps 10. The Einsatzgruppen or Murder Commandos 11. The Wannsee Protocol and a 1944 Report on Auschwitz by the Office of Strategic Services 12. The Final Solution in the Extermination Camps and the Aftermath 13. The Judicial System and the Jews in Nazi Germany RESCUE ATTEMPTS 14. Relief and Rescue of Jews from Nazi Oppression, 1943-1945 15. Relief in Hungary and the Failure of the Joel Brand Mission 16. Rescue to Switzerland: The Musy and Saly Mayer Affairs PUNISHMENT 17. Punishing the Perpetrators of the Holocaust: The Brandt, Pohl, and Ohlendorf Cases 18. Punishing the Perpetrators of the Holocaust: The Ohlendorf and von Weizsaecker Cases.
Although Hitler's extermination of the Jews was well underway by the end of 1941, it was at the Wannsee Conference of January 1942 that Reinhard Heydrich officially announced the Nazi's infamous "final solution." This conference was held at a luxurious villa, and both house and conference have a fascinating history. This book traces that history from 1914--the year that saw the foundations laid for both the house and the Holocaust--to the present. Appendices provide a wealth of historical documents.
A dramatic and cutting review of the actual minutes of the Wannsee Conference--a meeting of top Nazi leaders held in a villa outside Berlin in 1942 to discuss the "Final Solution" to the Jewish Question--which reveals that that meeting never discussed mass murder and actually just dealt with the logistics of deporting Jews to the Far East. Despite the meeting's minutes being very clear and explicit about what the conference was about, they have been deliberately misinterpreted and lied about for decades--because almost no-one actually read the originals. This book contains a copy of the full original minutes in German, and a complete and accurate English translation. From this complete reading of the famous "Wannsee Protocol," the following facts emerge: - The Wannsee meeting did not discuss a "plan to kill Jews"; - Nowhere in the meeting's minutes is genocide discussed, planned, proposed or even suggested; - The Wannsee meeting never discussed gas chambers, mass shootings or any other means of "mass extermination." - The Wannsee meeting expressed its concern for "Jewish Safety" during wartime; - The Wannsee Minutes reported that there were only 4.5 million Jews under German control (yet 4.3 million Jewish compensation claims have been lodged against the post-war German government); - The Wannsee meeting was a planning meeting on how Europe's Jews should be deported, via transit camps, to the East; with able bodied Jews being forced to build roads and other labor intensive tasks in those regions; - The Wannsee conference even made also made allowance for specific exceptions to this deportation order. In particular, the following Jews were ordered to be made exempt from deportation: Jewish German World War I veterans; All Jews over the age of 65; All Jews working in industries vital to the German war effort. There is therefore, no justification for the allegation that the Wannsee Conference was a master plan for mass murder' and the media, Holocaust institutions and reference books which claim this, are simply lying. This book also contains the complete transcript of SS-Obersturmbannführer's Adolf Eichmann's testimony on the Wannsee Minutes given during his 1961 trial in Jerusalem. Finally, it reveals how Yehuda Bauer, the Jewish professor of Holocaust Studies at the Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Israel's own pre-eminent Holocaust scholar, has dismissed claims that "mass murder" was planned at Wannsee as a "silly story" with no truth to it. Bauer's comments on this, as reported by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency in 1992, have been ignored by the Holocaust propaganda machine.
Denying History takes a bold and in-depth look at those who say the Holocaust never happened and explores the motivations behind such claims. While most commentators have dismissed the Holocaust deniers as antisemitic neo-Nazi thugs who do not deserve a response, historians Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman have immersed themselves in the minds and culture of these Holocaust "revisionists." In the process, they show how we can be certain that the Holocaust happened and, for that matter, how we can confirm any historical event. This edition is expanded with a new chapter and epilogue examining current, shockingly mainstream revisionism.
This official government publication investigates the impact of the Holocaust on the Western powers' intelligence-gathering community. It explains the archival organization of wartime records accumulated by the U.S. Army's Signal Intelligence Service and Britain's Government Code and Cypher School. It also summarizes Holocaust-related information intercepted during the war years.
A heart-stopping survivor story and brilliant historical investigation that offers unprecedented insight into daily life in the Third Reich and the Holocaust and the powers and pitfalls of memory. At the outbreak of World War II, Marianne Strauss, the sheltered daughter of well-to-do German Jews, was an ordinary girl, concerned with studies, friends, and romance. Almost overnight she was transformed into a woman of spirit and defiance, a fighter who, when the Gestapo came for her family, seized the moment and went underground. On the run for two years, Marianne traveled across Nazi Germany without papers, aided by a remarkable resistance organization, previously unknown and unsung. Drawing on an astonishing cache of documents as well as interviews on three continents, historian Mark Roseman reconstructs Marianne's odyssey and reveals aspects of life in the Third Reich long hidden from view. As Roseman excavates the past, he also puts forward a new and sympathetic interpretation of the troubling discrepancies between fact and recollection that so often cloud survivors' accounts. A detective story, a love story, a story of great courage and survival under the harshest conditions, A Past in Hiding is also a poignant investigation into the nature of memory, authenticity, and truth.