The Violence Pendulum

The Violence Pendulum

Author: Ioana Emy Matesan

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2020-08-18

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 0197510108

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Would the Islamic State ever renounce violence? In the current political climate, the question seems preposterous. Yet, at the height of a terrorist campaign against tourists in Egypt during the 1990s, nobody expected that the group behind the attacks would issue and adhere to a nonviolence initiative. What drives groups to shift between nonviolence and violence? When do opposition groups move away from armed action, and why do some organizations renounce violence permanently, whereas others refrain temporarily? In The Violence Pendulum, Ioana Emy Matesan offers a theory of tactical change that explains both escalation and de-escalation in order to answer these questions. Matesan's analysis traces the historical evolution of four Islamist groups: the Muslim Brotherhood and al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya in Egypt, and Darul Islam and Jemaah Islamiyah in Indonesia. Drawing from archival materials, interviews, and reports, she focuses on turning points in each organization. Ultimately, she finds that Islamist groups alter their tactics in response to the perceived need for activism, shifts in the cost of violent versus nonviolent resistance, and internal or external pressures on the organization. Groups turn to violence when grievances escalate, violent resistance is feasible and publicly tolerated, and there are internal or external pressures to act. In turn, groups renounce armed action when violence costs them too much, disillusionment eclipses the perceived need for continued activism, and leaders are willing to rethink the tactics and strategies of the group. By uncovering the reasons for escalation and de-escalation across a range of political environments, The Violence Pendulum reshapes our understanding of how decisions are made--and how nonviolence can be achieved--in armed groups.


The Violence Pendulum

The Violence Pendulum

Author: Ioana Emy Matesan

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 0197510086

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In the mid 1990s, al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya was one of the most active terrorist groups in Egypt. By 2002, the organization renounced armed action, dismantled its military wing, and published volumes of ideological revisions. What explains such a drastic transformation? The Violence Pendulum answers this question, and provides a dynamic theoretical framework that explains why Islamist organizations move towards or away from violence. Matesan applies this theoryto four Islamist groups in Egypt and in Indonesia, tracing their evolution, and showing how specific historical junctures can be understood within a broader framework of tactical change.


Breaking the Pendulum

Breaking the Pendulum

Author: Philip Russell Goodman

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 0199976066

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In Breaking the Pendulum, Philip Goodman, Joshua Page, and Michelle Phelps debunk the pendulum model of American criminal justice, arguing that it distorts how and why punishment changes. From the birth of the penitentiary through recent reforms, the authors show how the struggle of players in the penal field shapes punishment.


The Anatomy of Violence

The Anatomy of Violence

Author: Adrian Raine

Publisher: Pantheon

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 501

ISBN-13: 0307378845

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Provocative and timely: a pioneering neurocriminologist introduces the latest biological research into the causes of--and potential cures for--criminal behavior. With an 8-page full-color insert, and black-and-white illustrations throughout.


PENDULUM

PENDULUM

Author: Randal R. Jones

Publisher: Booklocker.com

Published: 2021-02

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 9781647192754

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Pendulum pits the secretive United States Military Liaison Mission (USMLM) against the Soviet forces of East Germany and places this rivalry in the context of a Soviet military conspiracy against its own political apparatus.