Progressive Consumption Taxation

Progressive Consumption Taxation

Author: Robert Carroll

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 0844743941

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The authors observe that consumption taxation is superior to income taxation because it does not penalize saving and investment and propose that the U.S. income tax system be completely replaced by a progressive consumption tax. They argue that the X tax, developed by the late David Bradford, offers the best form of progressive consumption taxation for the United States and outline concrete proposals for the X tax's treatment of numerous specific economic issues.


Reading McDowell

Reading McDowell

Author: Nicholas Smith

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2002-11

Total Pages: 325

ISBN-13: 113461604X

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Internationally renowned contributors analyse and discuss John McDowell's challenging Mind and World. Concludes with responses from McDowell himself. An important contribution to analytic philosophy and the broader philosophical debate.


The Flat Tax

The Flat Tax

Author: Robert E. Hall

Publisher: Hoover Press

Published: 2013-09-01

Total Pages: 245

ISBN-13: 0817993134

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This new and updated edition of The Flat Tax—called "the bible of the flat tax movement" by Forbes—explains what's wrong with our present tax system and offers a practical alternative. Hall and Rabushka set forth what many believe is the most fair, efficient, simple, and workable tax reform plan on the table: tax all income, once only, at a uniform rate of 19 percent.


The Anatomy of the VAT

The Anatomy of the VAT

Author: Mr.Michael Keen

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2013-05-16

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 1484307518

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This paper sets out some tools for understanding the performance of the value added tax (VAT). Applying a decomposition of VAT revenues (as a share of GDP) to the universe of VATs over the last twenty years, it emerges that developments have been driven much less by changes in standard rates than by changes in ‘C-efficiency’ (an indicator of the departure of the VAT from a perfectly enforced tax levied at a uniform rate on all consumption). Decomposing C-efficiency into a ‘policy gap’ (in turn divided into effects of rate differentiation and exemption) and a ‘compliance’ gap (reflecting imperfect implementation), results pieced together for EU members suggest that the former are in almost all cases far larger than the latter, with rate differentiation and exemptions playing roles that differ quite widely across countries.


Reading Freedom

Reading Freedom

Author: Hunter A. Calder

Publisher: Pascal Press

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13: 9781740200721

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BOOKS IN SERIES: 7 BOOKS IN READING F REEDOM 2000 PROGRAM: 24 ISBN: 978174020 0721 AUTHOR: Hunter Calder RRP: $44.95 PAGES: 294 pp. The Reading Freedom series is written specifically for students with reading proble ms (suggested age 8 - Adult). The series is carefully structured t o enable students to become independent readers. The Reading Free dom Teacher Resource Book provides a comprehensive collection of materia ls vital for the successful use of the Reading Freedom series. The first section of the Reading Freedom Teacher Resource Book provides detailed information on the theories and skills the series is based upon, as well as guides on successful teaching practices and lesson management for ef fective reading instruction. Useful resources are provided in Blackline Master form for use in the classroom. The second part of the Reading Fre edom Teacher Resource Book contains all answers for the series, with les son notes, in an easy-to-access page miniature format. The Readin g Freedom 2000 Diagnostic Handbook should be used to place students at t he correct level in the program. In order to work successfully with the Reading Freedom Activity Books, teachers should refer to the Reading Fre edom Teacher Resource Book. Student progress can be monitored using the Reading Freedom Achievement Tests Book.


Fundamentals of EU VAT Law

Fundamentals of EU VAT Law

Author: Frank Nellen

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2020-08-19

Total Pages: 643

ISBN-13: 9403523441

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Parties to cross-border disputes arising anywhere in the vast Portuguese-speaking world – a community of more than 230 million in a space that offers a wide array of investment opportunities across four continents – increasingly seek Portugal as their preferred seat of arbitration. A signatory to all relevant international conventions, Portugal has proven to be an ‘arbitration-friendly’ jurisdiction. This volume is the first and so far only book in English that provides a thorough, in-depth analysis of international arbitration law and practice in Portugal. Its contributing authors are among the most highly regarded legal names in the country, including scholars, arbitrators, and practitioners. The authors describe how international arbitration proceedings are conducted in Portugal, what cautions should be taken, and what procedural strategies may be suitable in particular cases. They provide insightful answers to questions such as the following: What matters can be submitted to arbitration under Portuguese law? What are the validity requirements for an arbitration agreement? How do the State courts interact with arbitration proceedings and what is the attitude of such courts toward international arbitration? What are the rules governing evidentiary matters in arbitration? How is an arbitration tribunal constituted? How are arbitrators appointed? How may they be challenged? How can an international arbitral award be recognized and enforced? How does the Portuguese legal system address the issue of damages and what specific damages are admitted? How are the costs of arbitration proceedings estimated and allocated? The book includes analyses of arbitration related to specific fields of the law, notably sports, administrative, tax, intellectual property rights (especially regarding reference and generic medicines), and corporate disputes. Each chapter provides, for the topics it addresses, an examination of the applicable laws, rules, arbitration practice, and views taken by arbitral tribunals and state courts as well as those of the most highly considered scholars. As a detailed examination of the legal framework and of all procedural steps of an arbitration in Portugal, from the drafting of an arbitration agreement to the enforcement of an award, this book constitutes an invaluable resource for parties involved in or considering an international arbitration in this country. The guidance that it seeks to provide in respect of any problem likely to arise in this context can be useful to arbitrators, judges, academics, and interested lawyers.


Justice, Equality and Tax Law

Justice, Equality and Tax Law

Author: Nevia Čičin-Šain

Publisher: Linde Verlag GmbH

Published: 2022-10-05

Total Pages: 541

ISBN-13: 3709412587

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An in-depth analysis of the specific aspects of justice, equality and tax law "Justice, Equality and Tax Law" is a topic that is both old and new at the same time. Even if the society changes, the demands that tax needs to be just and equal seem to be immutable. What changes, of course, is the perception of the content of those demands. International taxation post-BEPS has been fraught with new challenges that warranted urgent responses. These challenges were mainly provoked by the unprecedented rise of the digital economy which truly marked a change in the way business is conducted, how value is created, and how goods and services are produced and consumed. Digitalization, in turn, had repercussions on all aspects of taxation - direct taxation, indirect taxation, and even tax procedures. For instance, the quest for more justice and equality in profit taxes was the reason why, in October 2021, a historical deal based on a two-pillar solution to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy was negotiated within the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting and agreed upon by 137 member countries. It was also the motive behind the shift from a typical vendor collection model to an intermediary collection model supported by centralized registration points in indirect taxes, notably the VAT/GST. Abundant data from the European Union or the OECD signalized an ever-increasing gap between expected VAT revenues and VAT actually collected, making it obvious that the classical system of VAT/GST collection was unable to respond to challenges posed by the digital economy. Therefore, new solutions based on the participation of digital platforms as intermediaries had been introduced. Finally, new technologies, such as blockchain, paved new avenues in enhancing tax compliance. In this context, this volume entitled "Justice, Equality, and Tax Law" contains not only a selection of the best master ́s theses of the full-time LL.M. programme in 2021/2022 but also represents an in-depth analysis of various aspects of this evergreen topic.


The Rise of the Value-Added Tax

The Rise of the Value-Added Tax

Author: Kathryn James

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2015-04-30

Total Pages: 495

ISBN-13: 1316240150

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This book explores one of the most significant trends in the evolution of global tax systems by asking how, within less than half a century, the value-added tax (VAT) has risen from relative obscurity to become one of the world's most dominant revenue instruments. Despite its significance, very little is known about why so many countries have adopted the VAT and, in particular, why different countries adopt the types of VAT that they do. The popular mythology provides that the merits of the VAT have underpinned its global spread; however, this book contends that much scholarship confuses the question of why the VAT has risen to dominance with the issue of what makes a good VAT. This book combines policy and legal analysis to propose a new way of understanding the rise of this important revenue instrument so as to better reflect the realities of the VATs that are actually implemented.