The Third Indochina War and the Making of Present-day Southeast Asia, 1975-1995
The Third Indochina War and the Making of Present-day Southeast Asia, 1975-1995

Author: Hoang Minh Vu

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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At the end of the Second Indochina War (more popularly known in the United States as the Vietnam War), the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, and Democratic Kampuchea were among Vietnam's closest allies. At the same time, the new Socialist Republic was hoping to establish diplomatic relations with many countries that had been allies of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the war, including the then five-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the United States itself, hoping to capitalize on new trade and investment opportunities to rebuild its tattered economy and avoid overdependence on a single great power benefactor. Yet as early as 1978, this dream had collapsed as Vietnam found itself in the unenviable position of becoming reliant on Soviet economic support to fight the first full-scale conflict between socialist nations - a two-front war against both China and Cambodia. Vietnamese troops would remain bogged down in a bloody guerrilla war in Cambodia until 1989. Not until 1991 would the parties finally agree to a political solution to the conflict, and Vietnam became the first socialist country to become a full member of ASEAN in 1995. My central argument is that in terms of foreign economic policy, Vietnam consistently sought from 1975 onwards to diversify trade relations and to not become overly dependent on aid from a single power. In the 1970s, Vietnam tried unsuccessfully to avoid the Third Indochina War, which would jeopardize its quest for independence through multilateralism. When it finally did invade Cambodia primarily as an act of self-defense, Vietnamese leaders found withdrawal politically impossible as they committed to justifying the original invasion post facto as a humanitarian intervention. While the Vietnamese domestic economy changed significantly with the doi moi reforms in 1986, Vietnam's economic integration in the 1990s was therefore not a revolutionary break from a conservative past but rather a fulfillment of a vision in the 1970s, with the notable difference that Vietnam and other ASEAN countries would through the Third Indochina War elevate absolute state sovereignty and non-interference to be the most important principles guiding regional affairs. In situating my work at the intersection between the International Relations debate on the nature and driving force of regionalism and the historical debates surrounding the Cambodian Genocide and the Third Indochina War, I hope my research will attract a wide audience of scholars, practitioners, and the interested public.

The Third Indochina War
The Third Indochina War

Author: Odd Arne Westad

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2006-09-27

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13: 113416775X

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This new collection explores the origins and key issues of the Third Indochina War, which began in 1979. Drawing on unique documentation from all sides, leading contributors reinterpret and demystify the long-term and immediate causes of the Vietnamese-Cambodian and Sino-Vietnamese conflicts. They closely examine how both the links between policies and policy assumptions in the countries involved, and the dynamics - national, regional and international - drove them towards war. Rather than explaining the conflicts as determined by age-old resentments and suspicions or seeing war between the former allies as the necessary outcome of the conflicts of the 1970s, the contributors to this volume look at the concrete causes for the breakdown in cooperation and the road to war. This volume includes even-handed assessments of the roles of the major players, including a look at the beginnings of Thai-Chinese military cooperation in support of the Khmer Rouge. The subjects covered remain highly relevant to inter-state relations in South East Asia, where border issues are still a cause of tension. An updated chronology of events leading to the outbreak of hostilities is also included. This book will be of immense interest to all students of the Third Indochina War, Southeast Asian history and of international relations and war studies in general.

The Third Indochina Conflict
The Third Indochina Conflict

Author: David Elliott

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-07-11

Total Pages: 353

ISBN-13: 1000306313

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The Third Indochina Conflict (1975-) is seen by some as the escalation of a local quarrel between Vietnam and Kampuchea; others attribute it to the attempts of external powers to advance their own interests by encouraging conflict among the various Indochinese states; most agree that it is a logical--but not inevitable--consequence of the First (1946-54) and Second (1959-75) Indochinese conflicts. The contributors to this book analyze the origins and development of the Third Indochinese Conflict and the problems posed by the complex issues involved.

The Second Indochina War
The Second Indochina War

Author: William S Turley

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-07-11

Total Pages: 180

ISBN-13: 1000305392

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In the United States, discussion of the Vietnam War has tended to focus on the U.S. role, U.S. strategy, U.S. diplomacy, and the war's effects on American society. The tendency to hold U.S. domestic politics responsible for the war's outcome implies that events in Indochina were nothing more than a backdrop for an essentially American drama. In contrast, The Second Indochina War emphasizes the Vietnamese dimensions of a conflict in which all of Indochina—Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia—was treated as a single strategic unit. The author contends that only from this perspective is it clear how the war began, why its scale outstripped U.S. expectations, and why the Communists prevailed. Professor Turley gives a balanced account of events in, and views from, Washington, Saigon, and Hanoi. Drawing on years of research in primary documents and interviews conducted by the author in Saigon and Hanoi, the book focuses on the experience, strategies, leadership, and internal politics of the revolutionary side. To set the scene, the author considers the legacies of colonial rule in Indochina and the origins of the U.S. commitment there. He recounts the development of the Saigon regime and explains the bases of revolution in the South, the key communist decisions, and the North's response to bombing. The major military campaigns are clearly described and analyzed, as are the negotiations that led to the Paris Agreement and its aftermath. Vietnam is the central focus, but the reader's attention is also drawn to the strategies and events that unified the conflict in all three countries of Indochina into a single war. Concise yet comprehensive, The Second Indochina War is suitable for the general reader, as a text for courses on the war, or as supplementary reading for courses on Southeast Asian politics, U.S. foreign policy, revolutionary conflict, and Asian regional security. An annotated bibliography and chronology enhance its usefulness. Original material on communist internal debates and military campaigns, based on primary documents in Vietnamese, will also make this book a valuable resource for scholars of Southeast Asia.

Indochina and Vietnam
Indochina and Vietnam

Author: Robert Miller

Publisher: Enigma Books

Published: 2013-11-15

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 1936274663

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The Indochina and Vietnam Wars followed one another over thirty-five years, from 1940 to 1975, yet these two closely related conflicts are usually treated separately. This book seeks to tell the story of those wars as a single historical event. Within days of France's defeat by Nazi Germany and Japan's military expansion into Southeast Asia in July 1940, the United States became involved in Indochina. Most histories quickly mention the colonial past, usually limited to the battle of Dien Bien Phu, to concentrate exclusively on the American war. A selection of published sources explains the context and the development of the long war while providing an overview of France's imprint on Indochina and Vietnam. The question "Why were we in Vietnam?" comes up regularly regarding the root causes for the ultimate deployment of over five hundred thousand US troops, most of them conscripts, into a virtually unknown land. When France left Indochina in 1954 it became an American problem. Weeks before the murder of John F. Kennedy came the overthrow of Ngo Dinh Diem and the escalation of the war in 1965–68. Finally, Richard Nixon, after extending the war into Cambodia, enacted both the Vietnamization process and negotiations in Paris between Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho, until the final act in April 1975, when the US embassy rooftop with the last helicopter taking off was flashed around the world as the grand finale to the war.

A Gracious Enemy
A Gracious Enemy

Author: Michael G Kramer Omieau

Publisher:

Published: 2019-07-21

Total Pages: 502

ISBN-13: 9781077561755

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The full story, of the three Indochina Wars, including warts and all. The first was the Indochinese People fighting against the French colonists and their suppliers and allies from the USA. The second was the people of Indochina (Cambodia, Laos & Vietnam) fighting against an allied coalition force made up of Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Thailand, South Vietnam and the USA. The Second Indochina War is usually referred to as the Vietnam War. This book examines the re-adjustment of Vietnamese society after the uprising of the Tay Son Brothers in 1770, their stopping of the Trin and Nguyen families oppression of the Vietnamese people.The coming of the Catholic Church and how this affected the people is examined. As well the activities of Pineau de Bahrain, who was a missionary and the Bishop of Adran - he did much to ensure the French takeover of the majority of South East Asia. That was followed by the French takeover and full colonisation and rule by France. To better control the people, the French forbade the use of Chinese characters in writing and transcribed the entire Vietnamese language into the Latin alphabet, which was then taught in all schools. During WW2, for the first time, Asian People could see that the Caucasian People (White men) could be beaten, That resulted in the First Indochina War which ended with the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu. The Second Indochina War ended in 1975 with the withdrawal of the last American soldier from Vietnam. The Third Indochina War ended when the Vietnamese Army invaded Kampuchea, resulting in Vietnamese tanks entering its capital while the Pol Pot administration fled into the jungle.

RAND in Southeast Asia
RAND in Southeast Asia

Author: Mai Elliott

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2010-02-08

Total Pages: 695

ISBN-13: 0833049151

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This volume chronicles RAND's involvement in researching insurgency and counterinsurgency in Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand during the Vietnam War era and assesses the effect that this research had on U.S. officials and policies. Elliott draws on interviews with former RAND staff and the many studies that RAND produced on these topics to provide a narrative that captures the tenor of the times and conveys the attitudes and thinking of those involved.

China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950-1975
China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950-1975

Author: Qiang Zhai

Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press

Published: 2005-10-21

Total Pages: 321

ISBN-13: 0807876194

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In the quarter century after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Beijing assisted Vietnam in its struggle against two formidable foes, France and the United States. Indeed, the rise and fall of this alliance is one of the most crucial developments in the history of the Cold War in Asia. Drawing on newly released Chinese archival sources, memoirs and diaries, and documentary collections, Qiang Zhai offers the first comprehensive exploration of Beijing's Indochina policy and the historical, domestic, and international contexts within which it developed. In examining China's conduct toward Vietnam, Zhai provides important insights into Mao Zedong's foreign policy and the ideological and geopolitical motives behind it. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, he shows, Mao considered the United States the primary threat to the security of the recent Communist victory in China and therefore saw support for Ho Chi Minh as a good way to weaken American influence in Southeast Asia. In the late 1960s and 1970s, however, when Mao perceived a greater threat from the Soviet Union, he began to adjust his policies and encourage the North Vietnamese to accept a peace agreement with the United States.

Vietnam
Vietnam

Author: John Prados

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 704

ISBN-13:

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The first major synthesis of the war since 2001, drawing upon a host of newly declassified documents, presidential tapes, and overlooked foreign sources to give the most comprehensive look to date of the war that still haunts America.