The Stress-axis in Multiple Sclerosis
The Stress-axis in Multiple Sclerosis

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 208

ISBN-13: 9789088918469

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"Multiple sclerose (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which autoimmune demyelination leads to severe and progressive neurologic decline. A hallmark of MS is its clinical and pathological heterogeneity. This is most evident in the highly variable and unpredictable disease course: some MS patients may remain relatively asymptomatic for decades, whereas others may progress to a state of severe disability and death within years or in cases with fulminant disease even within months after onset. Strongly implicated in the heterogeneity of MS are inter-individual differences in cortisol production by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. In most MS patients, the HPA-axis is strongly activated. However, we and others identified an association between low HPA-axis activity and more severe MS. Therefore, this thesis aimed to provide a better understanding of the relation between activity and regulation of the HPA-axis and various aspects of MS: clinical course, neurodegeneration, lesion pathology, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) polymorphisms, and molecular as well as cellular characteristics of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). On the whole, this thesis supports the conclusion that high stress-axis activity substantially contributes to suppression of MS disease activity, as the presented evidence strongly suggests that it impacts on clinical course, lesion pathology as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms in the NAWM. Finding ways to evaluate and possibly modify stress-axis responsiveness to inflammation might therefore improve the clinical care of MS patients. In addition, identifying mechanisms to modulate microglia and glucocorticoid-related molecular pathways in the NAWM may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy for preventing lesion formation and disease progression in MS."--Samenvatting auteur.

Neuroimmune Diseases
Neuroimmune Diseases

Author: Hiroshi Mitoma

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-08-13

Total Pages: 822

ISBN-13: 3030195155

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A translational overview of neuroimmune diseases for neuroscientists and clinicians that clarifies the pathological mechanisms underlying neuroimmune diseases and builds a comprehensive bridge between the latest research findings and their clinical implications in daily practice. The material is presented in two steps. The first section comprises a review of the pathogenic actions of immune cells in brain diseases. Here the authors discuss the mechanisms through which immune cells disrupt the functions of nerve cells. The second section explores the ways in which the brain becomes dysfunctional due to impaired nerve cell function. Based on pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed for each clinical category. The book will be invaluable for use in clinical practice of neuroimmune diseases

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System
Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Author: Robert Vink

Publisher: University of Adelaide Press

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 0987073052

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The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Christian Dettmers

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2016-02-03

Total Pages: 89

ISBN-13: 2889197638

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Dear Readers, If you are engaged in the treatment of patients with MS (pwMS), this e-book’s aim is to offer novel insights to improve on an understanding of one of the major problems of pwMS: fatigue. Although there is increasing research into fatigue and its impact on MS, this collection of ten articles supports a better understanding of fatigue in MS patients. It explores pathophysiological concepts, provoking mechanisms, objective measurements, personality interactions, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and summarizes clinical management. It is written by neurologists, psychologists, scientists and therapists and addresses this group of people, who deal with pwMS in private, clinical, rehabilitation or scientific settings. Its aim is to communicate high-quality information, knowledge and experience on MS to healthcare professionals, while providing global support for the international MS community.

When the Body Says No
When the Body Says No

Author: Gabor Maté, MD

Publisher: Vintage Canada

Published: 2011-02-11

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 030737470X

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INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER From renowned mental health expert and speaker Dr. Gabor Maté, this acclaimed, bestselling guide provides insight into the mind-body link between illness and health, and the critical role that stress and our emotional makeup play in an array of common diseases. In this accessible and groundbreaking book—filled with the moving stories of real people—medical doctor and bestselling author Gabor Maté shows that emotion and psychological stress play a powerful role in the onset of chronic illness, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and many others. An international bestseller translated into over thirty languages, When the Body Says No promotes learning and healing, providing transformative insights into how illlness can be the body's way of saying no to what the mind cannot or will not acknowledge. With great compassion and erudition, Dr. Maté demystifies medical science and empowers us all to be our own health advocates.

Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis
Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Lauren B. Krupp, MD

Publisher: Demos Medical Publishing

Published: 2004-03-01

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13: 1934559482

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This practical guide for physicians and other health care professionals discusses the impact of fatigue on the individual with MS, the potential etiologies underlying MS-related fatigue, its work up and diagnosis, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management strategies. Fatigue is perhaps the single most prevalent and disabling symptom of the multiple sclerosis, and limits patients' activity more than any other MS symptom. The identification of fatigue as a distinct clinical entity requires both art and science, and most of all, a willingness and ability to listen carefully to patients and their families. The physician's ability to obtain a comprehensive history requires a full understanding of the circumstances in which fatigue occurs (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial) and demands consideration of a large number of disorders, including anxiety, depression, excessive daytime sleepiness, pain, and spasticity, all of which may mimic or contribute to fatigue. While fatigue is almost exclusively a subjective experience, depending on the patient's ability to understand and report this symptom, there are effective methods for identifying the existence of fatigue, determining its severity, and distinguishing it from related or contributing disorders such as depression, pain, and sleep disorders. Readers will learn that fatigue need not be tolerated by the MS patient. Various therapies, support systems, and treatment of underlying affective disorders can all alleviate fatigue or reduce its impact, restoring the patient's energy levels and ability to participate in life. Virtually every MS patient with fatigue can benefit from intervention, and failing to treat the symptom of fatigue with the respect that it deserves is a serious detriment to patient care.

Neurourology
Neurourology

Author: Limin Liao

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-03-11

Total Pages: 583

ISBN-13: 9401775095

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This book introduce neurourology as an emerging interdisciplinary area that covers the basic and clinical studies of the neural control on the normal lower urinary tract and the lower/upper urinary tract dysfunction due to neuropathy disorders. It systematically describes all aspects of neurourology from the epidemiology of the neurogenic bladder; to the pathology and pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract; to the diagnosis and treatment of the neurogenic bladder by conservative therapies or surgeries. This book provides a useful resource for medical doctors, nurses and students in the field of neurourological conditions. All the topics are written by internationally recognized specialists in their field.