The Second Intermediate Period (thirteenth-seventeenth Dynasties)
The Second Intermediate Period (thirteenth-seventeenth Dynasties)

Author: Marcel Marée

Publisher: Peeters Leuven

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789042922280

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During the 18th-16th centuries BC, from the late Middle Kingdom to the early New Kingdom, pharaonic Egypt went through a period of great political and cultural change. Kings came and went at unprecedented speed, saw their power reduced, and failed to keep the land under one sceptre. In the eastern Nile Delta, a community of Asiatic origin proclaimed its own rulers, known later as the Hyksos, who ultimately controlled the entire northern half of Egypt. Kings at Thebes maintained a fragile independence, then went to war and defeated the Hyksos, restoring national unity. Ongoing fieldwork and research have thrown new light on all stages and aspects of this fascinating era. This volume, resulting from an international colloquium at The British Museum, assembles work of prime importance from leading scholars in the field, and will long be a major source of reference for researchers as well as the interested layman.

The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.

Author: K. S. B. Ryholt

Publisher: Museum Tusculanum Press

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 498

ISBN-13: 9788772894218

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The Second Intermediate Period designates the 250 year period (18001550 BC) which separates the two glorious periods of the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom. During the 19th century BC, an invasion by Caanite tribes into the Delta took place. Around 1800 BC these people proclaimed their own king and the Delta thus became independent from the rest of Egypt. Egypt remained split between the Canaanitic rulers in North and the native Egyptian Kings in the South for the rest of the Second Intermediate Period. The division of Egypt brought about an economic decline, and the entire period is characterized by a lack of royal monuments. This circumstance has greatly hampered any attempts to establish a chronology of the period, and as a consequence it has been very difficult to date many sources which are relevant for the social and political situation of the period. The Second Intermediate Period has therefore remained one of the most obscure periods of Egypt's ancient history. The dissertation is a new attempt to establish a chronology for the Second Intermediate Period and define the different kingdoms, their territories and political relations. The study consists of four main chapters, three appendixes, a catalogue of sources, bibliography and indices. Included is a catalogue of all the historical sources, about 1500, known to certify the names of the Egyptian kings of the Second Intermediate Period. Each source is described in terms of type, origin and present location, followed by bibliographical references.

The Second Intermediate Period
The Second Intermediate Period

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Publisher:

Published:

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Ancient Egypt is the only civilization in history to have been eFilmclipsed twice and bounced back to prominence on both occasions. Dynasties XIII through XVII saw the Middle Kingdom's decline, the advent of foreign rule, and finally, the expulsion of the Hyksos by a heroic prince of Thebes and his two sons at the end of Dynasty XVII.

The Ancient Egyptian Economy
The Ancient Egyptian Economy

Author: Brian Muhs

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-08-02

Total Pages: 405

ISBN-13: 1107113369

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The first economic history of ancient Egypt employing a New Institutional Economics approach and covering the entire pharaonic period, 3000-30 BCE.

The Hyksos
The Hyksos

Author: John Van Seters

Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers

Published: 2010-04-01

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 1725228041

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The Hyksos, foreign rulers of Egypt in the Second Intermediate Period--from about 1700 to 1550 B.C.--have been a source of continuing debate among archaeologists and historians. Mr. Van Seters approaches the problems of their rise to power, their dynasties, the nature of their rule, and their religion from the joint perspectives of archaeology and literary criticism. Archaeological investigation shows the Middle Bronze culture of Syria-Palestine to have had highly developed fortifications, advanced urban life, fine buildings and temples, and a high quality of practical and artistic craftsmanship. Based on a revised date for the long-known The Admonitions of Ipuwer, this study offers a fresh explanation of the Hyksos' rise to power. A new examination of the location of Avaris, their capital, indicates that the previous identification with Tanis must give way to the region near Qantir. The Hyksos were not Hurrians or Indo-Aryans, but Ammurite princes who rose to power in Egypt following the dynastic weaknesses at the end of the Middle Kingdom.

The Hyksos
The Hyksos

Author: Kelly Mass

Publisher: Efalon Acies

Published: 2023-12-12

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13:

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In the realm of modern Egyptology, the term Hyksos designates the rulers of Egypt's Fifteenth Dynasty, reigning around 1650–1550 BC. These sovereigns held sway from Avaris in the Nile delta, extending their rule from Lower to Middle Egypt, reaching as far as Cusae. Ethnically, the term Hyksos denotes individuals potentially of West Semitic or Levantine origin, as per the Aegyptiaca—a historical account of Egypt composed by the Greco-Egyptian priest and historian Manetho in the 3rd century BC. While Manetho portrayed the Hyksos as invaders and tyrants, contemporary Egyptology challenges this depiction. Alternatively, the Hyksos era might have followed the presence of Canaanite groups gradually settling in the Nile delta, potentially breaking away from Egypt's faltering and tumultuous governance during the Thirteenth Dynasty. The Hyksos period marked the first instance of foreign monarchs dominating Egypt. Details of their reign remain elusive, encompassing the extent of their empire and the names and sequence of their rulers. The Hyksos adopted numerous Levantine and Canaanite customs, alongside Egyptian practices. They are often credited with introducing technological innovations such as the horse and chariot, the sickle sword, and the composite bow, although these claims are subject to debate.

The Ancient Egyptians For Dummies
The Ancient Egyptians For Dummies

Author: Charlotte Booth

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-02-16

Total Pages: 406

ISBN-13: 1119998352

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Unravel the history behind of one of the most fascinating ancient civilisations with this engaging, entertaining and educational guide to the ancient Egyptians. With a complete rundown of ancient Egyptian history and culture alongside insights in to the everyday lives of the Egyptians, you’ll discover how they kept themselves entertained, the gory details of mummification, the amazing creation of the pyramids, the deciphering of hieroglyphs and much more.

The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt
The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt

Author: Nadine Moeller

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-04-18

Total Pages: 449

ISBN-13: 1107079756

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This book presents the latest archaeological evidence that makes a case for Egypt as an early urban society. It traces the emergence of urban features during the Predynastic Period up to the disintegration of the powerful Middle Kingdom state (ca. 3500-1650 BC).