This handbook provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date and easy-to-apply information on the physics, mechanics, reliability and packaging of micro- and opto-electronic materials. It details their assemblies, structures and systems, and each chapter contains a summary of the state-of-the-art in a particular field. The book provides practical recommendations on how to apply current knowledge and technology to design and manufacture. It further describes how to operate a viable, reliable and cost-effective electronic component or photonic device, and how to make such a device into a successful commercial product.
Optoelectronics has become an important part of our lives. Wherever light is used to transmit information, tiny semiconductor devices are needed to transfer electrical current into optical signals and vice versa. Examples include light emitting diodes in radios and other appliances, photodetectors in elevator doors and digital cameras, and laser diodes that transmit phone calls through glass fibers. Such optoelectronic devices take advantage of sophisticated interactions between electrons and light. Nanometer scale semiconductor structures are often at the heart of modern optoelectronic devices. Their shrinking size and increasing complexity make computer simulation an important tool to design better devices that meet ever rising perfomance requirements. The current need to apply advanced design software in optoelectronics follows the trend observed in the 1980's with simulation software for silicon devices. Today, software for technology computer-aided design (TCAD) and electronic design automation (EDA) represents a fundamental part of the silicon industry. In optoelectronics, advanced commercial device software has emerged recently and it is expected to play an increasingly important role in the near future. This book will enable students, device engineers, and researchers to more effectively use advanced design software in optoelectronics. - Provides fundamental knowledge in semiconductor physics and in electromagnetics, while helping to understand and use advanced device simulation software - Demonstrates the combination of measurements and simulations in order to obtain realistic results and provides data on all required material parameters - Gives deep insight into the physics of state-of-the-art devices and helps to design and analyze of modern optoelectronic devices
The papers in this volume represent most of the contributions to the Symposium on the Physics of Opto-Electronic Materials held at the General Motors Research Lab oratories in Warren, Michigan, on October 4, 5 and 6, 1970. The purpose of this Symposium was to examine the current status of knowledge related to the controlled alteration of the optical properties of solids through exter nally-applied agencies, with the aim of assessing possible future directions of scientific effort to achieve efficient, practical control of light. Since the advent of the laser, the scientific community has been motivated to explore, with a renewed vigor, methods of modulating light, and in the last decade several applications of the electrooptic effect in single crystal solids have been real ized. During this same period of time the list of recognized optical modulation ef fects in solids (exclusive of the ordinary electrooptic effects) has grown rapidly, and recently dramatic demonstrations of light modulation by liquid crystal and ferro electric ceramic materials have captured the attention of the scientific community. Unlike the single-crystal electrooptic effects which are quite suitable for modulation of coherent laser light, these latter materials promise relatively inexpensive approaches to the modulation of light from ordinary incoherent light sources. It was these new vistas of light modulation - and how they fit into our current understanding of the optical properties of solids - that the symposium addressed.
Small molecules and conjugated polymers, the two main types of organic materials used for optoelectronic and photonic devices, can be used in a number of applications including organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, photorefractive devices and waveguides. Organic materials are attractive due to their low cost, the possibility of their deposition from solution onto large-area substrates, and the ability to tailor their properties. The Handbook of organic materials for optical and (opto)electronic devices provides an overview of the properties of organic optoelectronic and nonlinear optical materials, and explains how these materials can be used across a range of applications.Parts one and two explore the materials used for organic optoelectronics and nonlinear optics, their properties, and methods of their characterization illustrated by physical studies. Part three moves on to discuss the applications of optoelectronic and nonlinear optical organic materials in devices and includes chapters on organic solar cells, electronic memory devices, and electronic chemical sensors, electro-optic devices.The Handbook of organic materials for optical and (opto)electronic devices is a technical resource for physicists, chemists, electrical engineers and materials scientists involved in research and development of organic semiconductor and nonlinear optical materials and devices. - Comprehensively examines the properties of organic optoelectronic and nonlinear optical materials - Discusses their applications in different devices including solar cells, LEDs and electronic memory devices - An essential technical resource for physicists, chemists, electrical engineers and materials scientists
Modern fabrication techniques have made it possible to produce semiconductor devices whose dimensions are so small that quantum mechanical effects dominate their behavior. This book describes the key elements of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and solid-state physics that are necessary in understanding these modern semiconductor devices. The author begins with a review of elementary quantum mechanics, and then describes more advanced topics, such as multiple quantum wells. He then disusses equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Following this introduction, he provides a thorough treatment of solid-state physics, covering electron motion in periodic potentials, electron-phonon interaction, and recombination processes. The final four chapters deal exclusively with real devices, such as semiconductor lasers, photodiodes, flat panel displays, and MOSFETs. The book contains many homework exercises and is suitable as a textbook for electrical engineering, materials science, or physics students taking courses in solid-state device physics. It will also be a valuable reference for practising engineers in optoelectronics and related areas.
This book focuses on the progress in optoelectronic materials research and technologies, presenting reviews and original works on the theory, fabrication, characterization, and applications of optoelectronic materials. The chapters discuss preparation and properties of several optoelectronic materials, such as ZnO, SnO2, Zn1-XSnXO, BaTiO3, GaAs, GaP, ZnSe, and NaAlSi. The structural, optical, vibrational, and magnetic properties are discussed, in addition to transport and phase transformations.
Annotation Tiny structures measurable on the nanometer scale (one-billionth of a meter) are known as nanostructures, and nanotechnology is the emerging application of these nanostructures into useful nanoscale devices. As we enter the 21st century, more and more professional are using nanotechnology to create semiconductors for a variety of applications, including communications, information technology, medical, and transportation devices. Written by today's best researchers of semiconductor nanostructures, this cutting-edge resource provides a snapshot of this exciting and fast-changing field. The book covers the latest advances in nanotechnology and discusses the applications of nanostructures to optoelectronics, photonics, and electronics.
Comprehensive coverage of organic electronics, including fundamental theory, basic properties, characterization methods, device physics, and future trends Organic semiconductor materials have vast commercial potential for a wide range of applications, from self-emitting OLED displays and solid-state lighting to plastic electronics and organic solar cells. As research in organic optoelectronic devices continues to expand at an unprecedented rate, organic semiconductors are being applied to flexible displays, biosensors, and other cost-effective green devices in ways not possible with conventional inorganic semiconductors. Organic Semiconductors for Optoelectronics is an up-to-date review of the both the fundamental theory and latest research and development advances in organic semiconductors. Featuring contributions from an international team of experts, this comprehensive volume covers basic properties of organic semiconductors, characterization techniques, device physics, and future trends in organic device development. Detailed chapters provide key information on the device physics of organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting diodes, organic solar cells, organic photosensors, and more. This authoritative resource: Provides a clear understanding of the optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors and their influence to overall device performance Explains the theories behind relevant mechanisms in organic semiconducting materials and in organic devices Discusses current and future trends and challenges in the development of organic optoelectronic devices Reviews electronic properties, device mechanisms, and characterization techniques of organic semiconducting materials Covers theoretical concepts of optical properties of organic semiconductors including fluorescent, phosphorescent, and thermally-assisted delayed fluorescent emitters An important new addition to the Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic & Optoelectronic Applications, Organic Semiconductors for Optoelectronics bridges the gap between advanced books and undergraduate textbooks on semiconductor physics and solid-state physics. It is essential reading for academic researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals involved in organic electronics, materials science, thin film devices, and optoelectronics research and development.
Optoelectronics ranks one of the highest increasing rates among the different industrial branches. This activity is closely related to devices which are themselves extremely dependent on materials. Indeed, the history of optoelectronic devices has been following closely that of the materials. KLUWER Academic Publishers has thus rightly identified "Materials for Optoelectronics" as a good opportunity for a book in the series entitled "Electronic Materials; Science and Technology". Although a sound background in solid state physics is recommended, the authors have confined their contribution to a graduate student level, and tried to define any concept they use, to render the book as a whole as self-consistent as possible. In the first section the basic aspects are developed. Here, three chapters consider semiconductor materials for optoelectronics under various aspects. Prof. G. E. Stillman begins with an introduction to the field from the point of view of the optoelectronic market. Then he describes how III-V materials, especially the Multi Quantum Structures meet the requirements of optoelectronic functions, including the support of microelectronics for optoelectronic integrated circuits. In chapter 2, Prof.
This volume reviews the latest trends in organic optoelectronic materials. Each comprehensive chapter allows graduate students and newcomers to the field to grasp the basics, whilst also ensuring that they have the most up-to-date overview of the latest research. Topics include: organic conductors and semiconductors; conducting polymers and conjugated polymer semiconductors, as well as their applications in organic field-effect-transistors; organic light-emitting diodes; and organic photovoltaics and transparent conducting electrodes. The molecular structures, synthesis methods, physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of the organic optoelectronic materials are also introduced and described in detail. The authors also elucidate the structures and working mechanisms of organic optoelectronic devices and outline fundamental scientific problems and future research directions. This volume is invaluable to all those interested in organic optoelectronic materials.
