The Lower Metazoa
The Lower Metazoa

Author: Zoe Norwood Brown

Publisher: Literary Licensing, LLC

Published: 2012-04-01

Total Pages: 490

ISBN-13: 9781258291662

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Additional Contributor Is Willard D. Hartman.

Molecular Evolution: Evidence for Monophyly of Metazoa
Molecular Evolution: Evidence for Monophyly of Metazoa

Author: Werner E.G. Müller

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 3642487459

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This volume concentrates on the origin of multicellular animals, Metazoa. Until now, no unequivocal phylogeny has been produced. Therefore, the questions remain: Did Metazoa evolve from the Protozoa only once, or several times? Is the origin of animals monophyletic or polyphyletic? Especially the relationships between the existing lower metazoan phyla, particularly the Porifera (sponges) are uncertain. Based on sequence data of genes typical for multicellularity it is demonstrated that all Metazoa, including Porifera, should be placed into the kingdom Animalia together with the Eumetazoa. Therefore it is most likely that all animals are of monophyletic origin.

Molecular Evolution: Towards the Origin of Metazoa
Molecular Evolution: Towards the Origin of Metazoa

Author: Werner E.G. Müller

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 191

ISBN-13: 3642722369

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Recently, new genes and their proteins that revealed striking new insights into the early evolution of multicellular animals have been identified and characterized from members of the lowest metazoan phylum, the porifera (sponges). The unexpected result was that the sequences obtained from sponge displayed high similarity to those found in higher metazoa; in consequence, it was concluded that during the transition from protozoa to metazoa the major structural and regulatory proteins evolved only once. The data gathered are now powerful arguments to establish monophyly of metazoa; in addition, new insights on the evolutionary diversification of metazoa were obtained.

The Evolution of the Metazoa
The Evolution of the Metazoa

Author: Jovan Hadži

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-09-03

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 1483226638

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Zoology, Volume 16: The Evolution of the Metozoa presents the significant results of the Cnidaria research, their interpretations and implications in the field of zoology. This book is composed of four chapters, and begins with the establishment of the systematic position of the Spongiae, the position of Ctenophora in the animal classification, and Cnidaria as the only Coelenterata. The subsequent chapter deals with a critical survey of the interpretations of the origin and nature of Cnidaria, with emphasis on the morphologic proofs of its phylogeny. These topics are followed by an outline of the most probable reconstruction of the phylogeny of Cnidaria and the descriptions of the evolution of this metozoa. The final chapter considers the established classification of the animal world and the genealogical tree. This book will be of value to zoologists and researchers who are interested in evolution and classification of Cnidaria.

Animal Evolution
Animal Evolution

Author: Claus Nielsen

Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 421

ISBN-13: 0199606021

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Using modern phylogenetic reasoning based on an extensive review of morphology, including ultrastructure, and embryology, each phylum is analysed to ascertain its monophyly and hence its ancestral characters.

Perspectives in Zoology
Perspectives in Zoology

Author: Alan Boyden

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1483146081

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Perspectives in Zoology tries to discuss in a critical way some of the aspects of biology that lack perspective. The book also calls into attention the possibilities of obtaining a more correct view and challenges views that already have already been accepted by the scientific community. In this thought-provoking book, many questions are raised and different viewpoints and their implications are considered in the areas of natural history. Coverage includes the great ages of evolution; the primitive evolution in the eumatozoa; the morphological comparisons between homology and analogy; systematic serology and its principles; and the relationship of systemics, evolution, and phylogeny. The text is recommended for students and professors that deal with biology, zoology, genetics, and evolution who not only wish to explore and understand other approaches to popular theories in zoology, but also wish to be more familiarized and delve deeper with the common yet frequently discussed and debated topics in the field.

Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life
Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life

Author: J. Wolfgang Wägele

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2014-08-22

Total Pages: 770

ISBN-13: 3110372967

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The growing success of molecular methods has challenged traditional views of animal evolution and a large number of alternative hypotheses are hotly debated today. For the deep metazoan phylogeny project, data sets of hitherto unmatched quality and quantity were compiled and analysed with innovative bioinformatics tools. The book begins at the base of the tree of life to discuss the origin of animals and early branches of the phylogenetic tree. The following section presents special data sets gained from mitochondrial genomes and from morphology, with a focus on nervous systems. The final section is dedicated to theoretical aspects of data analysis and new bioinformatics tools. The book closes with a unique general discussion of all hypotheses contained in previous chapters. This work provides the most comprehensive overview available of the state of the art in this exciting field of evolutionary research.