The Last Deglaciation: Absolute and Radiocarbon Chronologies

The Last Deglaciation: Absolute and Radiocarbon Chronologies

Author: Edouard Bard

Publisher: Springer

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783642760594

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Time is a major factor in Quaternary science. Without a trustworthy chronometer any interpretation of changes in proxy data of stratigraphical origin is on weak ground. In fact, any attempt at a sound reconstruction of timing and rates of past climatic change as well as the response of the biosphere can only be achieved on the basis of a reliable chronology. Moreover, all correlations and comparisons through time on a continental or global scale depend heavily on the reliability of the time-scale used. Therefore the establishment of an absolute time-scale is a fundamental goal. In this contribution we refer to the term "absolute time-scale" as a time-scale consisting of ages determined on the basis of sidereal years. Traditional stratigraphical methods of absolute dating include the Swedish glacial varve chronology, already developed early in this century by De Geer (1912) and since then continuously improved (e.g. Stromberg 1985; Cato 1987). Unfortunately, however, a spatial correlation with other stratigraphies outside Fennoscandia is difficult.


The Northern North Atlantic

The Northern North Atlantic

Author: Priska Schäfer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 520

ISBN-13: 3642568769

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The northern North Atlantic is one of the regions most sensitive to past and present global changes. This book integrates the results of an interdisciplinary project studying the properties of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas and the processes of pelagic and benthic particle formation, particle transport, and deposition in the deep-sea sediments. Ice-related and biogeochemical processes have been investigated to decipher the spatial and temporal variability of the production and fate of organic carbon in this region. Isotopic stratigraphy, microfossil assemblages and paleotemperatures are combined to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions and to model past climatic changes in the Late Quaternary. The Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas can now be considered one of the best studied subbasins of the world`s oceans.


Reconstructing Ocean History

Reconstructing Ocean History

Author: Fatima Abrantes

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 458

ISBN-13: 1461541972

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This volume is one outcome of the 6th International Conference on Paleoceano graphy (ICP VI). The conference was held August 23-28, 1998 in Lisbon, Portugal. The meeting followed the traditional format of a small number of invited oral presentations complemented by a large number ofcontributed posters. Over 550 participants attended, representing thirty countries and nearly 450 posters were presented. The invited speakers addressed the main themes of the 5oral sessions. The session topics were: Polar-Tropical and Interhemisphere Linkages; Does the Ocean Cause, or Respond to, Abrupt Climatic Changes?; Biotic Responses to Major Paleoceanographic Changes; Past Warm Climates; and Innovations In Monitoring Ocean History. This is the first time in ICP history that the Conference Proceedings are published. The aim of the organisers with the publication of this book is two-fold: to provide a useful review of the field and to document the ideas/controversies raised during the con ference that may stimulate future work. The book reflects the initial intentions of the conference, but it is not a conven tional conference proceedings, given that the papers have been reviewed by formal exter nal referees. Each of the conference topics is introduced by a review article designed to summarize the state of the art in each theme followed by articles prepared by the invited speakers. As with most conference proceedings, each theme is covered heterogenously. Some topics have all the expected contributions, others are less well covered.


Chronometric Dating in Archaeology

Chronometric Dating in Archaeology

Author: R.E. Taylor

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 1475796943

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Since World War II, there has been tremendous success in the development of new methods for dating artifacts; the so-called `radiocarbon revolution' was only the first such discovery. The increasing accuracy of the various new techniques has brought about major changes in archaeological research strategies. This important new text compiles the work of some of today's most innovative archaeologists who summarize progress in their respective techniques over the last 30 years - with an emphasis on developments of the last five - and the status of current research.


Paleoclimatology

Paleoclimatology

Author: Raymond S. Bradley

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1999-02-22

Total Pages: 631

ISBN-13: 0080538347

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Raymond S. Bradley provides his readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all of the important methods used in paleoclimatic reconstruction, dating and paleoclimate modeling. Two comprehensive chapters on dating methods provide the foundation for all paleoclimatic studies and are followed by up-to-date coverage of ice core research, continental geological and biological records, pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating, tree rings and historical records. New methods using alkenones in marine sediments and coral studies are also described. Paleoclimatology, Second Edition, is an essential textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students studying climatology, paleoclimatology and paleooceanography worldwide, as well as a valuable reference for lecturers and researchers, appealing to archaeologists and scientists interested in environmental change.* Contains two up-to-date chapters on dating methods* Consists of the latest coverage of ice core research, marine sediment and coral studies, continental geological and biological records, pollen analysis, tree rings, and historical records* Describes the newest methods using alkenones in marine sediments and long continental pollen records* Addresses all important methods used in paleoclimatic reconstruction* Includes an extensive chapter on the use of models in paleoclimatology* Extensive and up-to-date bibliography* Illustrated with numerous comprehensive figure captions


Climate Change: Natural climate change: proxy-climate data

Climate Change: Natural climate change: proxy-climate data

Author: Frank Chambers

Publisher: Taylor & Francis US

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 9780415276597

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This collection of papers is introduced by an overview of research into climate change. Each volume contains an introductory commentary presenting the major strengths and achievements of the papers, their weaknesses and limitations and points to follow-up work.


Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere

Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere

Author: J. R. Jokipii

Publisher: University of Arizona Press

Published: 2018-01-30

Total Pages: 1048

ISBN-13: 0816538638

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Until the advent of space physics, astrophysical plasmas could be studied only using ground-based observations. Although observational methods have advanced over recent decades, the merging of heliospheric physics with astrophysics is far from complete due to the vastly different techniques employed by astronomers and space physicists. That astrophysical plasmas can be studies directly is a major advance in astrophysical research. The solar wind from the Sun is only one of many examples of solar winds, but it provides scientists with a basis for understanding how these formerly disparate disciplines are related. Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere is a comprehensive sourcebook on conceptually correlated topics in astrophysical winds and heliospheric physics. The contributors review the various kinds of winds, such as solar wind, winds of cataclysmic variables, and winds from pulsating stars. They then examine the physics of wind origin and physical phenomena in winds. including heliospheric shocks, magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, and kinetic phenomena. A final section considers interactions with surrounding media, with contributions ranging from studies of the interstellar cloud surrounding the solar system to considerations of solar wind interaction with comets. Prepared to the scrupulous standards of the University of Arizona Space Science Series, Cosmic Winds and the Heliosphere is an essential volume for astronomers and space physicists.


Quaternary Deserts and Climatic Change

Quaternary Deserts and Climatic Change

Author: A.S. Alsharhan

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-08-27

Total Pages: 644

ISBN-13: 1000150550

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These proceedings record the results of climate change in many areas which are hyper-arid deserts today but which, almost cyclically, at intervals of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of years, have had a much more humid climate.


Principles of Paleoclimatology

Principles of Paleoclimatology

Author: Thomas M. Cronin

Publisher: Columbia University Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 584

ISBN-13: 9780231109543

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Using the geologic records of ocean and lake sediment, ice cores, corals, and other natural archives, Principles of Paleoclimatology describes the history of the Earth's climate--the ice age cycles, sea level changes, volcanic activity, changes in atmosphere and solar radiation--and the resulting, sometimes catastrophic, biotic responses.


Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse

Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse

Author: H. Nüzhet Dalfes

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 733

ISBN-13: 3642606164

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Around 4000 years ago the advanced urban civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and India suddenly collapsed. What happened? Did a prolonged drought cause the breakdown of social order? Recent discoveries from all over the world strongly support the suspected link of the collapse with climate. The volume presents the findings of more than 40 researchers and provides a review on the relevant information. It appears that a major shift of the precipitation pattern affected many parts of the world at approximately the same time, with disastrous effects on the nomadic populations of Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. Can a similar climate shift with a serious adverse impact on society happen again? In a world facing global warming, there could be many lessons to be learned from the experiences of ancient societies.