This book documents some of the most recent advances on the physical layer of the Internet of Things (IoT), including sensors, circuits, and systems. The application area selected for illustrating these advances is that of autonomous, wearable systems for real-time medical diagnosis. The book is unique in that it adopts a holistic view of such systems and includes not only the sensor and processing subsystems, but also the power, communication, and security subsystems. Particular attention is paid to the integration of these IoT subsystems as well as the prototyping platforms needed for achieving such integration. Other unique features include the discussion of energy-harvesting subsystems to achieve full energy autonomy and the consideration of hardware security as a requirement for the integrity of the IoT physical layer. One unifying thread of the various designs considered in this book is that they have all been fabricated and tested in an advanced, low-power CMOS process, namely GLOBALFOUNDRIES 65nm CMOS LPe.
This book documents some of the most recent advances on the physical layer of the Internet of Things (IoT), including sensors, circuits, and systems. The application area selected for illustrating these advances is that of autonomous, wearable systems for real-time medical diagnosis. The book is unique in that it adopts a holistic view of such systems and includes not only the sensor and processing subsystems, but also the power, communication, and security subsystems. Particular attention is paid to the integration of these IoT subsystems as well as the prototyping platforms needed for achieving such integration. Other unique features include the discussion of energy-harvesting subsystems to achieve full energy autonomy and the consideration of hardware security as a requirement for the integrity of the IoT physical layer. One unifying thread of the various designs considered in this book is that they have all been fabricated and tested in an advanced, low-power CMOS process, namely GLOBALFOUNDRIES 65nm CMOS LPe. In summary, this volume Provides up-to-date information on the architecture, design, implementation and testing of IoT sensors, circuits, and systems; Discusses communication transceivers and protocols for IoT systems dedicated to medical diagnosis; Discusses energy autonomy, power management, and hardware security the IoT physical layer; Enables the design and silicon implementation of systems-on-chip to medical and surveillance applications; Includes coverage of FPGA prototyping platforms for IoT nodes.
Provides a detailed analysis of the standards and technologies enabling applications for the wireless Internet of Things The Wireless Internet of Things: A Guide to the Lower Layers presents a practitioner’s perspective toward the Internet of Things (IoT) focusing on over-the-air interfaces used by applications such as home automation, sensor networks, smart grid, and healthcare. The author—a noted expert in the field—examines IoT as a protocol-stack detailing the physical layer of the wireless links, as both a radio and a modem, and the media access control (MAC) that enables communication in congested bands. Focusing on low-power wireless personal area networks (WPANs) the text outlines the physical and MAC layer standards used by ZigBee, Bluetooth LE, Z-Wave, and Thread. The text deconstructs these standards and provides background including relevant communication theory, modulation schemes, and access methods. The author includes a discussion on Wi-Fi and gateways, and explores their role in IoT. He introduces radio topologies used in software-defined radio implementations for the WPANs. The book also discusses channel modelling and link budget analysis for WPANs in IoT. This important text: Introduces IEEE 802.15.4, ITU-T G.9959, and Bluetooth LE as physical layer technology standards enabling wireless IoT Takes a layered approach in order to cultivate an appreciation for the various standards that enable interoperability Provides clarity on wireless standards with particular focus on actual implementation Written for IoT application and platform developers as well as digital signal processing, network, and wireless communication engineers; The Wireless Internet of Things: A Guide to the Lower Layersoffers an inclusive overview of the complex field of wireless IoT, exploring its beneficial applications that are proliferating in a variety of industries.
This book studies the vulnerability of wireless communications under line-of-sight (LoS) and non-LoS correlated fading environments. The authors theoretically and practically provide physical layer security analyses for several technologies and networks such as Fifth-Generation (5G) networks, Internet of Things (IoT) applications, and Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The authors have provided these under various practical scenarios, and developed theoretical aspects to validate their proposed applications. Presents physical layer security (PLS) under correlated fading environments, 5G wireless networks, and NOMA networks; Provides end-to-end analyses, combination of channel correlation and outdated CSI and their effects on PL; Includes contributions of PLS research written by global experts in academia and industry.
This textbook explores all of the protocols and technologies essential to IoT communication mechanisms. Geared towards an upper-undergraduate or graduate level class, the book is presented from a perspective of the standard layered architecture with special focus on protocol interaction and functionality. The IoT protocols are presented and classified based on physical, link, network, transport and session/application layer functionality. The author also lets readers understand the impact of the IoT mechanisms on network and device performance with special emphasis on power consumption and computational complexity. Use cases – provided throughout – provide examples of IoT protocol stacks in action. The book is based on the author’s popular class “Fundamentals of IoT” at Northeastern University. The book includes examples throughout and slides for classroom use. Also included is a 'hands-on’ section where the topics discussed as theoretical content are built as stacks in the context of an IoT network emulator so readers can experiment.
5G Physical Layer: Principles, Models and Technology Components explains fundamental physical layer design principles, models and components for the 5G new radio access technology – 5G New Radio (NR). The physical layer models include radio wave propagation and hardware impairments for the full range of frequencies considered for the 5G NR (up to 100 GHz). The physical layer technologies include flexible multi-carrier waveforms, advanced multi-antenna solutions, and channel coding schemes for a wide range of services, deployments, and frequencies envisioned for 5G and beyond. A MATLAB-based link level simulator is included to explore various design options. 5G Physical Layer is very suitable for wireless system designers and researchers: basic understanding of communication theory and signal processing is assumed, but familiarity with 4G and 5G standards is not required. With this book the reader will learn: - The fundamentals of the 5G NR physical layer (waveform, modulation, numerology, channel codes, and multi-antenna schemes). - Why certain PHY technologies have been adopted for the 5G NR. - The fundamental physical limitations imposed by radio wave propagation and hardware impairments. - How the fundamental 5G NR physical layer functionalities (e.g., parameters/methods/schemes) should be realized. The content includes: - A global view of 5G development – concept, standardization, spectrum allocation, use cases and requirements, trials, and future commercial deployments. - The fundamentals behind the 5G NR physical layer specification in 3GPP. - Radio wave propagation and channel modeling for 5G and beyond. - Modeling of hardware impairments for future base stations and devices. - Flexible multi-carrier waveforms, multi-antenna solutions, and channel coding schemes for 5G and beyond. - A simulator including hardware impairments, radio propagation, and various waveforms. Ali Zaidi is a strategic product manager at Ericsson, Sweden. Fredrik Athley is a senior researcher at Ericsson, Sweden. Jonas Medbo and Ulf Gustavsson are senior specialists at Ericsson, Sweden. Xiaoming Chen is a professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University, China. Giuseppe Durisi is a professor at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and a guest researcher at Ericsson, Sweden.
This complete guide to physical-layer security presents the theoretical foundations, practical implementation, challenges and benefits of a groundbreaking new model for secure communication. Using a bottom-up approach from the link level all the way to end-to-end architectures, it provides essential practical tools that enable graduate students, industry professionals and researchers to build more secure systems by exploiting the noise inherent to communications channels. The book begins with a self-contained explanation of the information-theoretic limits of secure communications at the physical layer. It then goes on to develop practical coding schemes, building on the theoretical insights and enabling readers to understand the challenges and opportunities related to the design of physical layer security schemes. Finally, applications to multi-user communications and network coding are also included.
Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a promising solution for long range and low power Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) communication applications. The LPWANs are resource-constrained networks and have critical requirements for long battery life, extended coverage, high scalability, and low device and deployment costs. There are several design and deployment challenges such as media access control, spectrum management, link optimization and adaptability, energy harvesting, duty cycle restrictions, coexistence and interference, interoperability and heterogeneity, security and privacy, and others.LPWAN Technologies for IoT and M2M Applications is intended to provide a one-stop solution for study of LPWAN technologies as it covers a broad range of topics and multidisciplinary aspects of LPWAN and IoT. Primarily, the book focuses on design requirements and constraints, channel access, spectrum management, coexistence and interference issues, energy efficiency, technology candidates, use cases of different applications in smart city, healthcare, and transportation systems, security issues, hardware/software platforms, challenges, and future directions.
This book provides an insight into IoT intelligence in terms of applications and algorithmic challenges. The book is dedicated to addressing the major challenges in realizing the artificial intelligence in IoT-based applications including challenges that vary from cost and energy efficiency to availability to service quality in multidisciplinary fashion. The aim of this book is hence to focus on both the algorithmic and practical parts of the artificial intelligence approaches in IoT applications that are enabled and supported by wireless sensor networks and cellular networks. Targeted readers are from varying disciplines who are interested in implementing the smart planet/environments vision via intelligent wireless/wired enabling technologies. Includes the most up-to-date research and applications related to IoT artificial intelligence (AI); Provides new and innovative operational ideas regarding the IoT artificial intelligence that help advance the telecommunications industry; Presents AI challenges facing the IoT scientists and provides potential ways to solve them in critical daily life issues.
An essential guide to the modeling and design techniques for securing systems that utilize the Internet of Things Modeling and Design of Secure Internet of Things offers a guide to the underlying foundations of modeling secure Internet of Things' (IoT) techniques. The contributors—noted experts on the topic—also include information on practical design issues that are relevant for application in the commercial and military domains. They also present several attack surfaces in IoT and secure solutions that need to be developed to reach their full potential. The book offers material on security analysis to help with in understanding and quantifying the impact of the new attack surfaces introduced by IoT deployments. The authors explore a wide range of themes including: modeling techniques to secure IoT, game theoretic models, cyber deception models, moving target defense models, adversarial machine learning models in military and commercial domains, and empirical validation of IoT platforms. This important book: Presents information on game-theory analysis of cyber deception Includes cutting-edge research finding such as IoT in the battlefield, advanced persistent threats, and intelligent and rapid honeynet generation Contains contributions from an international panel of experts Addresses design issues in developing secure IoT including secure SDN-based network orchestration, networked device identity management, multi-domain battlefield settings, and smart cities Written for researchers and experts in computer science and engineering, Modeling and Design of Secure Internet of Things contains expert contributions to provide the most recent modeling and design techniques for securing systems that utilize Internet of Things.
