The Independent Reflector
Author: William Livingston
Publisher: Belknap Press
Published: 1963
Total Pages: 478
ISBN-13:
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The Independent Reflector: Or, Weekly Essays on Sundry Important Subjects. More Particularly Adapted to the Province of New York ...
Author: William Livingston
Publisher:
Published: 1754
Total Pages: 243
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKTo this paper, which was edited by William Livingston, many noted men of the day contributed. Livingston himself wrote a series of letters in which he vigorously opposed the establishment of an American Episcopate, and the incorporation of an Episcopal college (now Columbia). Among other contributes were Aaron Burr, John M. Scott, William Alexander (afterwards known as Lord Stirling), and William Smith. Its attacks on men in power by members of a literary society in New York City ultimately suppressed the paper.
The Independent Reflector, Or, Weekly Essays on Sundry Important Subjects, More Particularly Adapted to the Province of New-York
Author: William Livingston
Publisher:
Published: 1963
Total Pages: 804
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKGenerous Enemies
Author: Judith L. Van Buskirk
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Published: 2002
Total Pages: 271
ISBN-13: 0812218221
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn July 1776, the final group of more than 130 ships of the Royal Navy sailed into the waters surrounding New York City, marking the start of seven years of British occupation that spanned the American Revolution. What military and political leaders characterized as an impenetrable "Fortress Britannia"—a bastion of solid opposition to the American cause—was actually very different. As Judith L. Van Buskirk reveals, the military standoff produced civilian communities that were forced to operate in close, sustained proximity, each testing the limits of political and military authority. Conflicting loyalties blurred relationships between the two sides: John Jay, a delegate to the Continental Congresses, had a brother whose political loyalties leaned toward the Crown, while one of the daughters of Continental Army general William Alexander lived in occupied New York City with her husband, a prominent Loyalist. Indeed, the texture of everyday life during the Revolution was much more complex than historians have recognized. Generous Enemies challenges many long-held assumptions about wartime experience during the American Revolution by demonstrating that communities conventionally depicted as hostile opponents were, in fact, in frequent contact. Living in two clearly delineated zones of military occupation—the British occupying the islands of New York Bay and the Americans in the surrounding countryside—the people of the New York City region often reached across military lines to help friends and family members, pay social calls, conduct business, or pursue a better life. Examining the movement of Loyalist and rebel families, British and American soldiers, free blacks, slaves, and businessmen, Van Buskirk shows how personal concerns often triumphed over political ideology. Making use of family letters, diaries, memoirs, soldier pensions, Loyalist claims, committee and church records, and newspapers, this compelling social history tells the story of the American Revolution with a richness of human detail.
The Religious Roots of the First Amendment
Author: Nicholas P. Miller
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2012-06-01
Total Pages: 263
ISBN-13: 0199858373
DOWNLOAD EBOOKTraditional understandings of the genesis of the separation of church and state rest on assumptions about "Enlightenment" and the republican ethos of citizenship. In The Religious Roots of the First Amendment, Nicholas P. Miller does not seek to dislodge that interpretation but to augment and enrich it by recovering its cultural and discursive religious contexts--specifically the discourse of Protestant dissent. He argues that commitments by certain dissenting Protestants to the right of private judgment in matters of Biblical interpretation, an outgrowth of the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers, helped promote religious disestablishment in the early modern West. This movement climaxed in the disestablishment of religion in the early American colonies and nation. Miller identifies a continuous strand of this religious thought from the Protestant Reformation, across Europe, through the English Reformation, Civil War, and Restoration, into the American colonies. He examines seven key thinkers who played a major role in the development of this religious trajectory as it came to fruition in American political and legal history: William Penn, John Locke, Elisha Williams, Isaac Backus, William Livingston, John Witherspoon, and James Madison. Miller shows that the separation of church and state can be read, most persuasively, as the triumph of a particular strand of Protestant nonconformity-that which stretched back to the Puritan separatist and the Restoration sects, rather than to those, like Presbyterians, who sought to replace the "wrong" church establishment with their own, "right" one. The Religious Roots of the First Amendment contributes powerfully to the current trend among some historians to rescue the eighteenth-century clergymen and religious controversialists from the enormous condescension of posterity.
The Idea of a Free Press
Author: David A. Copeland
Publisher: Northwestern University Press
Published: 2006-07-21
Total Pages: 313
ISBN-13: 0810123290
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSpanning nearly four centuries in Britain and America, Copeland's book reveals how the tension between government control and the right to debate public affairs openly ultimately led to the idea of a free press.
Crossroads of Empire
Author: Ned C. Landsman
Publisher: JHU Press
Published: 2011-01-01
Total Pages: 255
ISBN-13: 0801899702
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis work examines colonial New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania as central to both warfare and the emerging British-Atlantic world of culture and trade. In this probing history, Ned C. Landsman demonstrates how the Middle Colonies came to function as a distinct region. He argues that while each territory possessed varying social, religious, and political cultures, the collective lands of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania were unified in their particular history and place in the imperial and Atlantic worlds. Landsman shows that the societal cohesiveness of the three colonies originated in the commercial and military rivalries among Native nations and developed further with the competing involvement of the European powers. They eventually emerged as the focal point in the contest for dominion over North America. In relating this progression, Landsman discusses various factors in the region’s development, including the Enlightenment, evangelical religion, factional politics, religious and ethnic diversity, and distinct systems of Protestant pluralism. Ultimately, he argues, it was within the Middle Colonies that the question was first posed, What is the American?
Who Should Rule at Home?
Author: Joyce D. Goodfriend
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Published: 2017-03-07
Total Pages: 394
ISBN-13: 1501708031
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn Who Should Rule at Home? Joyce D. Goodfriend argues that the high-ranking gentlemen who figure so prominently in most accounts of New York City's evolution from 1664, when the English captured the small Dutch outpost of New Amsterdam, to the eve of American independence in 1776 were far from invincible and that the degree of cultural power they held has been exaggerated. The urban elite experienced challenges to its cultural authority at different times, from different groups, and in a variety of settings. Goodfriend illuminates the conflicts that pitted the privileged few against the socially anonymous many who mobilized their modest resources to creatively resist domination. Critics of orthodox religious practice took to heart the message of spiritual rebirth brought to New York City by the famed evangelist George Whitefield and were empowered to make independent religious choices. Wives deserted husbands and took charge of their own futures. Indentured servants complained or simply ran away. Enslaved women and men carved out spaces where they could control their own lives and salvage their dignity. Impoverished individuals, including prostitutes, chose not to bow to the dictates of the elite, even though it meant being cut off from the sources of charity. Among those who confronted the elite were descendants of the early Dutch settlers; by clinging to their native language and traditional faith they preserved a crucial sense of autonomy.
Divided Loyalties
Author: Richard M. Ketchum
Publisher: Macmillan
Published: 2003-11
Total Pages: 470
ISBN-13: 9780805061208
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"From the outset, the Revolution was a civil war, cruelly dividing families and friends. The dense, compact character of 1760s New York City - a maritime community of about 18,000 souls - brought those divisions into stark relief. As Ketchum shows us, it was, then as now, a city whose lifeblood was commerce and whose consuming interest was money. However, money was to be made - and its interests defended - in different ways. The DeLanceys were Anglican, well-connected, urban merchants, and they threw in their lot with the crown. Their long-time rivals, the Presbyterian Livingstons, were landed Hudson River gentry and patriots. Both felt the pinch of London's new taxes. But beyond pecuniary matters, both had deeply held convictions about good and just government and proper relations with the other country. The irony was that the allegiance of loyalist and patriot alike was not to the king or to England, but to what they saw as their own country - America."--BOOK JACKET.
Constitutional History of the American Revolution
Author: John Phillip Reid
Publisher: Univ of Wisconsin Press
Published: 2003-03
Total Pages: 398
ISBN-13: 9780299108748
DOWNLOAD EBOOKJohn Phillip Reid addresses the central constitutional issues that divided the American colonists from their English legislators: the authority to tax, the authority to legislate, the security of rights, the nature of law, the foundation of constitutional government in custom and contractarian theory, and the search for a constitutional settlement.
