European Law on Combined Heat and Power

European Law on Combined Heat and Power

Author: Maciej M. Sokołowski

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2020-03-11

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 1000043193

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This book provides an analysis of the European policy approach to combined heat and power (CHP), a highly efficient technology used by all EU Member States for the needs of generating electricity and heat. European Law on Combined Heat and Power carries out an assessment of the European legal and policy measures on CHP, evaluating how it has changed over the years through progress and decline in specific member states. Over the course of the book, Sokołowski explores all aspects of CHP, examining the types of measures used to steer the growth of cogeneration in the EU and the policies and regulatory tools that have influenced its development. He also assesses the specific role of CHP in the liberalisation of the internal energy market and EU action on climate and sustainability. Finally, by delivering his notions of "cogenatives", "cogenmunities", or "Micro-Collective-Flexible-Smart-High-Efficiency cogeneration", Sokołowski considers how the new EU energy package – "Clean energy for all Europeans" – will shape future developments. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy law and regulation, combined heat and power and energy efficiency, as well as policy makers and energy experts working in the CHP sector.


Electricity Reform in Europe

Electricity Reform in Europe

Author: Jean-Michel Glachant

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2009-01-01

Total Pages: 383

ISBN-13: 1848446055

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. . . this volume comes across as one of the most profound sources on the specifics of European electricity market restructuring. Competition and Regulation in Network Industries The SESSA study on the Internal Energy Market was an important and influential contribution towards the Commission s proposal for a third package of proposals, intending to bring more effective competition and better security of supply to Europe s energy markets. This volume, based on the results of the study is an important and welcome contribution to the ongoing debate on these proposals. Andris Piebalgs, Commissioner for Energy at the European Commission The chapters in this book are written by the leading European scholars who have studied the structure, behavior and performance of liberalised electricity markets in many European countries as well as in other regions of the world. Both the analyses and the policy recommendations contained in this volume are well worth careful consideration by policymakers in Europe, as well as by policymakers in other countries that are seeking to adopt successful electricity sector liberalisation programs. From the foreword by Paul L. Joskow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US Dynamism or dissipation? Competition or national champions? Will enlargement promote or delay reform? Energy economists contemplate the challenges posed by the restless and discontent European Commission. Stephen Littlechild, University of Birmingham and Judge Institute for Management Studies, University of Cambridge, UK The challenge of European electricity reform is being met, although gradually, delays notwithstanding. This book provides precious help in spotting where the necessary further efforts should be directed. In the US mistakes and delays have occurred, no less than in Europe, but an aggressive federal regulator (absent in Europe) is working to overcome them. Electricity markets do not happen, they have to be built. Here are suggestions for a workable European market design. No ideology, just competence and wisdom from both theory and experience. Will Europe learn? Pippo Ranci, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy The realisation of a European internal market for energy is still a work in progress. Written by leading European scholars and discussed with major energy stakeholders, this book presents a thorough analysis of the motives and methods needed to achieve a single European energy market. The authors discuss the critical issues surrounding an internal European energy market including: market design, competition and market power, sustainable energy versus the market, regulation and harmonisation, benchmarking and indicators, modelling of competition, market prices and energy forecasts. They provide a multi-disciplinary assessment of the best way to build the market base of a future European energy policy. Electricity Reform in Europe will be of great interest to decision makers and managers in the energy industry or business sector as they will be able to see the whole European energy policy picture beyond their own corporate interests. The book will also appeal to national and European energy administrations, regulatory bodies and policy makers providing a synthesis of all relevant policy issues.


Climate Change and Power

Climate Change and Power

Author: Christiaan Vrolijk

Publisher: Chatham House (Formerly Riia)

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13:

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The electricity sector is one of the largest carbon emitters in Europe. To control these emissions, economic instruments such as emissions trading, taxes and various voluntary agreements are increasingly being considered. However, electricity systems in Europe are diverse between different countries, appropriate policies may differ widely, and similar instruments may have different effects in different countries. This study aims first to define the various economic policy instruments being used or considered in the electricity sector, including the point of application and protection measures such as border adjustments. Secondly, it describes the main characteristics of the major European electricity sectors, including the different generation mixes and options, and divergent policy cultures. Thirdly, conclusions are drawn concerning the instruments likely to be developed, both on national and EU level, their potential impact, and the potential interactions of different instruments within and between countries, including issues relating to international electricity and emissions trading.


Liberalization of Electricity Markets and the Public Service Obligation in the Energy Community

Liberalization of Electricity Markets and the Public Service Obligation in the Energy Community

Author: Rozeta Karova

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2012-02-01

Total Pages: 422

ISBN-13: 904114191X

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This book presents the first in-depth analysis of the export of the EU electricity acquis, through the imposition of an EU-type regional electricity market (REM) in SEE within the enlargement process. Among other germane issues, the author discusses the following: the suitability of the European model of electricity markets’ liberalization for economies in transition; the use of the Public Services Obligations (PSO) to address the impact of electricity markets liberalization; the use of regulated prices and measures for granting priority rights for cross-border capacity allocation as PSOs; the Court of Justice judgement in Federutility on the sustainability of states’ protection of their different types of customers, including the large businesses; the Energy Community as a step towards a Pan-European Energy Community; the effect of simultaneous national electricity markets liberalization and cross-border regional integration of national electricity markets; and, the interplay between liberalization policy and reforms and the regulatory tools available to address their impact on provision of public services. The author’s proposed rethinking of the public services obligation offers new views on using this tool more effectively and proposes possibilities for its practical implementation through measures such as energy efficiency, allocation of interconnectors’ capacity, transparency, addressing the affordability issue and the protection of vulnerable customers. The book is remarkable for its clear analysis of the policy lessons arising from the export of the idea of liberalized energy markets, and will be welcomed by practitioners, officials, academics and others in energy law and policy for its informative and forward-looking overview of the national and cross-border reforms in the Energy Community framework.


European Energy Policies in a Changing Environment

European Energy Policies in a Changing Environment

Author: Francis McGowan

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 190

ISBN-13: 3642614922

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Across the European Union, energy policy remains a highly controversial issue, despite the relative stability of energy markets and the lack of concern of energy availabilities and prices which marked previous debates on the issue. The debates on nuclear power in Germany, on the coal industry in the UK indicate the continuing resonance of energy policy as a source of dispute at the national level. Moreover, while the urgency which the 1970s energy crises brought to policy discussions may no longer exist, the emergence of new issues, such as the environment and economic liberalisation, have offered new challenges for energy policy. These issues also arise in a European setting. Early in 1995 the European Commission published a Green Paper on Energy Policy -indeed, as the manuscript was completed the Commission was finalising a White Paper -and the issue will be on the agenda of the 1996 Intergovernmental Conference. The outcome of these discussions is far from clear, but there is no doubt that, in one way or another the European Union will help to shape national energy policies for many years to come.


Investing in EU Energy Security

Investing in EU Energy Security

Author: Henrik Bjørnebye

Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.

Published: 2010-01-01

Total Pages: 482

ISBN-13: 9041131183

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La 4e de couverture indique : "Since the introduction a quarter-century ago of market-based investments in the production of electricity and other critical services, our awareness of the underlying issues affecting the supply and consumption of energy has changed radically. No longer can Europe (or any region) rely on over-capacity of electricity generation and inexpensive primary energy fuels, or disregard the signs of potentially catastrophic climate change. The author of this timely and sharply focused book shows that, in the light of our current knowledge, ensuring new investments - and the right investments - in electricity generation constitutes an urgent energy policy challenge facing the EU over the coming decades. He accordingly makes the case for a serious reconsideration of the market facilitation and market intervention rules under electricity market legislation in the EU. In the first detailed legal analysis of the EU's internal electricity market framework for investments in electricity generation facilities from the perspective of security of supply, this book cover such legal issues as the following in precise detail : applicability of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) ; security of supply as a ground for exemption on the basis of public security ; justifications of public intervention ; the applicability of EU State aid provisions to investments in energy security ; requirements imposed by EU law on Member States for ensuring cost-efficient investments in European supply security ; facilitation of renewable energy sources and cogeneration in the environmental interest ; the Court of Justice's approach to Member State interventions ; the Court's decisions on restrictions on free movement in the environmental interest ; Member States' right to launch tendering procedures for new generation capacity ; Member States' right to impose public service obligations in the general economic interest on certain undertakings ; and relationship between the provisions of the TFEU and those of the Euratom Treaty in relation to investments in nuclear power generation. Throughout the study, in addition to his analysis of the decisions of the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, the author takes into account legal literature and Union reports, preparatory works, and working papers. The book demonstrates convincingly that today's energy supply challenges must be based on a broader balancing of security, competitiveness and sustainability interests. It suggests that the internal electricity market provisions of the Electricity Directive and the Security of Electricity Supply Directive would benefit from focusing more intensely on requiring investments in technologies and primary energy sources that will help mitigate climate change and reduce European energy import dependency, and less on the need for ensuring cost-efficient investments through market-based means. Through its detailed analysis of EU law in an area of great significance to both market participants and the public sector, Investing in EU Energy Security will be welcomed by legal advisors, whether working for the EU electricity industry or public agencies responsible for implementation of internal electricity market measures, as well as by academics in this hugely important field of current research."


Liberalisation of Energy Markets. Effects on Gas and Electricity Generation, Distribution and Supply

Liberalisation of Energy Markets. Effects on Gas and Electricity Generation, Distribution and Supply

Author: William Garner

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2016-06-01

Total Pages: 11

ISBN-13: 3668230579

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Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 2:1, De Montfort University Leicester, course: International Business and Globalisation, language: English, abstract: Consumers mainly benefited from the liberalisation of UK energy markets in the 1980s through privatisation under Thatcher, because of lower prices due to increased competition between rival energy firms. This is because instead of a single monopoly, competitive markets try and compete through price wars. The energy markets were monopolies in many EU countries and held dominant power in the energy market which is considered inefficient. The EU claim that Liberalisation of the energy markets will benefit consumers through; raising employment levels, increasing business efficiency and increasing a country's potential economic development and GDP growth. We therefore need to focus on the impact of Liberalisation on these key areas to assess how advantageous this increase in competition has on the energy market.


Transforming the European Energy System

Transforming the European Energy System

Author: Leonard Coen

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2016-09-13

Total Pages: 172

ISBN-13: 3668297665

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Master's Thesis from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Copenhagen, course: International Law & Economics, language: English, abstract: The European Union aspires to be a frontrunner in the transition towards a low-carbon economy. Its energy policy aims at reconciling climate and environmental objectives, with concerns over security of supply and competitive markets. The restructuring and modernisation of the European energy system is driven by a continuous liberalisation regime in conjunction with the promotion of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. The implications of this strategy are manifold, whereof the modernisation and upgrade of the electricity grid is increasingly recognized to be the quintessential prerequisite to meet tomorrow's energy challenges. The emergence of the Smart Grid has enthused industry and policy makers alike, as it has the potential to be the enabler for a future low-carbon electricity system by facilitating demand-side efficiency, increasing the shares of renewables and distributed energy generation, and enabling electrification of transport. The European Commission views the Smart Grid as the backbone of Europe's future energy infrastructure advancing the development of green energy, while making the system more stable through information and communication technologies. The deployment of Smart Grid implies a technological transformation that will have a deep impact on the whole electricity value chain. The thesis explores the effects of this transition process with regard to energy market liberalisation, Smart Grid deployment and energy market integration. We scrutinize the relationship of these three variables, by considering Smart Grids as a function of liberalisation, liberalisation as a function of Smart Grid deployment and last but not least market integration as a function of liberalisation and Smart Grid deployment. [...]