The Future of Childhood and Juvenile Justice
Author: LaMar Taylor Empey
Publisher:
Published: 1979
Total Pages: 442
ISBN-13:
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The Evolution of the Juvenile Court
Author: Barry C. Feld
Publisher: NYU Press
Published: 2019-06-01
Total Pages: 408
ISBN-13: 147987129X
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWinner, 2020 ACJS Outstanding Book Award, given by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences A major statement on the juvenile justice system by one of America’s leading experts The juvenile court lies at the intersection of youth policy and crime policy. Its institutional practices reflect our changing ideas about children and crime control. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court provides a sweeping overview of the American juvenile justice system’s development and change over the past century. Noted law professor and criminologist Barry C. Feld places special emphasis on changes over the last 25 years—the ascendance of get tough crime policies and the more recent Supreme Court recognition that “children are different.” Feld’s comprehensive historical analyses trace juvenile courts’ evolution though four periods—the original Progressive Era, the Due Process Revolution in the 1960s, the Get Tough Era of the 1980s and 1990s, and today’s Kids Are Different era. In each period, changes in the economy, cities, families, race and ethnicity, and politics have shaped juvenile courts’ policies and practices. Changes in juvenile courts’ ends and means—substance and procedure—reflect shifting notions of children’s culpability and competence. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court examines how conservative politicians used coded racial appeals to advocate get tough policies that equated children with adults and more recent Supreme Court decisions that draw on developmental psychology and neuroscience research to bolster its conclusions about youths’ reduced criminal responsibility and diminished competence. Feld draws on lessons from the past to envision a new, developmentally appropriate justice system for children. Ultimately, providing justice for children requires structural changes to reduce social and economic inequality—concentrated poverty in segregated urban areas—that disproportionately expose children of color to juvenile courts’ punitive policies. Historical, prescriptive, and analytical, The Evolution of the Juvenile Court evaluates the author’s past recommendations to abolish juvenile courts in light of this new evidence, and concludes that separate, but reformed, juvenile courts are necessary to protect children who commit crimes and facilitate their successful transition to adulthood.
Reforming Juvenile Justice
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2013-05-22
Total Pages: 463
ISBN-13: 0309278937
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAdolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
The War on Kids
Author: Cara H. Drinan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2018
Total Pages: 241
ISBN-13: 0190605553
DOWNLOAD EBOOKDespite inventing the juvenile court a little more than a century ago, the United States has become an international outlier in its juvenile sentencing practices. The War on Kids explains how that happened and how policymakers can correct the course of juvenile justice today.
Securing Our Children's Future
Author: Gary S. Katzmann
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Published: 2004-05-13
Total Pages: 460
ISBN-13: 0815706472
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA Brookings Institution Press and Governance Institute publication A nation of great resources, the United States is confronted all too often with headlines about shootings in schools and with the unsettling reality that homicide rates for juveniles far exceed that of other industrialized nations. The challenge of reducing youth violence has prompted a flurry of commentary, legislative activity, and scholarly studies—much of it skewed by lurid pronouncements, alarmist sentiments, and misleading categorizations. Focusing on the role of institutions in combating youth violence, this volume seeks to reflect its complex and multidimensional character. Copublished by the Governance Institute and the Brookings Institution, the book brings together a wide range of skilled professionals and academics across disciplines to focus on the coordination and implementation of youth anti-violence strategies. The work redefines the way we think institutionally about youth violence and collaborative initiatives, providing a pragmatic roadmap for constructive change. The essays constitute a new framework to guide key players in the juvenile justice system: prosecutors, the defense bar, the courts, correction and probation departments, faith-based institutions, schools, the media, nonprofit institutions, and the private sector.
Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2001-06-05
Total Pages: 405
ISBN-13: 0309172357
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEven though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Choosing the Future for American Juvenile Justice
Author: Franklin E. Zimring
Publisher: NYU Press
Published: 2014-05-02
Total Pages: 256
ISBN-13: 1479834440
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"This is a hopeful but complicated era for those with ambitions to reform the juvenile courts and youth-serving public institutions in the United States. As advocates plea for major reforms, many fear the public backlash in making dramatic changes. Choosing the Future for American Juvenile Justice provides a look at the recent trends in juvenile justice as well as suggestions for reforms and policy changes in the future. Edited by Franklin E. Zimring and David S. Tanenhaus, two of the leading scholars on juvenile justice, and with contributors who are among the key experts on each issue, this essential volume focuses on the most pressing issues of the day: the impact of neuroscience on our understanding of brain development and subsequent sentencing, the relationship of schools and the police, the issue of the school-to-prison pipeline, the impact of immigration, the privacy of juvenile records, and the need for national policies - including registration requirements - for juvenile sex offenders. Choosing the Future for American Juvenile Justice is not only a timely collection, based on the most current research. It is also a forward-thinking volume that anticipates the needs for substantive changes in juvenile justice, linking the key current tasks of reform with a sustained analyses of the political strategies and rhetorical appeals that can make change happen"--Unedited summary from book cover.
Juvenile Justice in Europe
Author: Barry Goldson
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2018-09-03
Total Pages: 233
ISBN-13: 1351761218
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAt a time when Europe is witnessing major cultural, social, economic and political challenges and transformations, this book brings together leading researchers and experts to consider a range of pressing questions relating to the historical origins, contemporary manifestations and future prospects for juvenile justice. Questions considered include: How has the history of juvenile justice evolved across Europe and how might the past help us to understand the present and signal the future? What do we know about contemporary juvenile crime trends in Europe and how are nation states responding? Is punitivity and intolerance eclipsing child welfare and pedagogical imperatives, or is ‘child-friendly justice’ holding firm? How might we best understand both the convergent and the divergent patterning of juvenile justice in a changing and reformulating Europe? How is juvenile justice experienced by identifiable constituencies of children and young people both in communities and in institutions? What impacts are sweeping austerity measures, together with increasing mobilities and migrations, imposing? How can comparative juvenile justice be conceptualised and interpreted? What might the future hold for juvenile justice in Europe at a time of profound uncertainty and flux? This book is essential reading for students, tutors and researchers in the fields of criminology, history, law, social policy and sociology, particularly those engaged with childhood and youth studies, human rights, comparative juvenile/youth justice, youth crime and delinquency and criminal justice policy in Europe.
For the Children ...
Author: Commission on the Future of the Alabama Juvenile Justice System
Publisher:
Published: 1989
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Future of Juvenile Justice
Author: Tamar R. Birckhead
Publisher:
Published: 2016
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13: 9781611638301
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe primary aim of this edited collection is to explore, from a comparative legal perspective, the variety of approaches to and recent developments in juvenile justice as shaped by politics and influenced by international norms. With contributions from some of the world's foremost experts on juvenile criminal procedure, the study focuses on Europe, either as a collection of States or specific European States; Canada; the United States; and India to address a variety of aspects of juvenile justice, including juvenile criminal proceedings, the role of informal diversionary measures and solitary confinement, and the human trafficking of children. The Introduction articulates the themes of the collection--the role of politics in juvenile justice, the effect of international norms on national legal landscapes, and the gap between law and practice. The first two chapters provide overviews and comparative analyses of multiple countries' juvenile justice systems; the third and fourth chapters each provide a fine-grained analysis of an individual country's system; and the final two chapters provide analyses of the very different ways in which children are victimized by and within the justice system. Each chapter in the book concludes with proposals for reform, making it a practical volume as well as a rich theoretical source for analysis and reflection. Throughout, the authors seek to explore how best to protect children's rights within the juvenile justice system. As expressed in the Introduction, the collection "provides a compelling tour-de-force of national practices related to juvenile justice while also offering a sturdy pivot to engage with tricky questions about how best to secure children's rights."
