The Evaluability Hypothesis
The Evaluability Hypothesis

Author: Christopher K. Hsee

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 11

ISBN-13:

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This research investigates a particular type of preference reversal (PR), existing between joint evaluation, where two stimulus options are evaluated side by side simultaneously, and separate evaluation,where these options are evaluated separately.I first examine how this PR differs from other types of PRs and review studies demonstrating this PR. I then propose and explanation,called the evaluability hypothesis, and report experiments that tested this hypothesis. According to this hypothesis,PRs between joint and separate evaluations occur because one of the attributes involved in the options is hard to evaluate independently and another attribute is relatively easy to evaluate inependently.I conclude by discussing prescriptive implications of this research.

The Evaluability Hypothesis
The Evaluability Hypothesis

Author: Johan Brandtler

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 214

ISBN-13: 9027255660

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Although the field of polarity is well researched, this monograph offers a new take on polarity sensitivity that both challenges and incorporates previous theories. Based primarily on Swedish data, it presents new solutions to long-standing problems, such as the non-complementary distribution of NPIs and PPIs in yes/no-questions and conditionals, long distance licensing by superordinate elements, and the occurrence of polarity items in wh-questions. It is argued that polarity sensitivity can be understood in terms of evaluability. Lacking any immediate predecessor in the literature, evaluability refers to the possibility of accepting or rejecting an utterance as true in a communicative exchange. Intriguingly, the evaluable status of a clause is shown to have syntactic correlates in Swedish, mirrored in the configuration of the C-domain. This book is of interest to scholars studying the interplay between syntax, semantics and pragmatics, particularly those working on negation and polarity.

Attribute Evaluability and Its Implications for Joint-Separate Evaluation Reversals and Beyond
Attribute Evaluability and Its Implications for Joint-Separate Evaluation Reversals and Beyond

Author: Christopher K. Hsee

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The evaluability hypothesis posits that when two objects are evaluated separately, whether a given attribute of the objects can differentiate the evaluations of these objects depends on whether the attribute is easy or difficult to evaluate independently. The article discusses how the evaluability hypothesis explains joint-separate evaluation reversal, which is the phenomenon that the rank order of the evaluations of multiple objects changes depending on whether these objects are evaluated jointly or separately. The article presents empirical evidence for the evaluability hypothesis. The final section of the article discusses implications of the hypothesis for issues beyond reversals-in particular for inconsistencies between decisions and their consequences. Decisions are typically made in the joint evaluation mode, and outcome of a decision is usually experienced (or consumed) in the separate evaluation mode. Thus, reversals between joint and separate evaluation may manifest themselves in decision-consumption inconsistencies.

The Evaluability Hypothesis
The Evaluability Hypothesis

Author: Johan Brandtler

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 2012-02-16

Total Pages: 215

ISBN-13: 9027274908

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Although the field of polarity is well researched, this monograph offers a new take on polarity sensitivity that both challenges and incorporates previous theories. Based primarily on Swedish data, it presents new solutions to long-standing problems, such as the non-complementary distribution of NPIs and PPIs in yes/no-questions and conditionals, long distance licensing by superordinate elements, and the occurrence of polarity items in wh-questions. It is argued that polarity sensitivity can be understood in terms of evaluability. Lacking any immediate predecessor in the literature, evaluability refers to the possibility of accepting or rejecting an utterance as true in a communicative exchange. Intriguingly, the evaluable status of a clause is shown to have syntactic correlates in Swedish, mirrored in the configuration of the C-domain. This book is of interest to scholars studying the interplay between syntax, semantics and pragmatics, particularly those working on negation and polarity.

Choices, Values, and Frames
Choices, Values, and Frames

Author: Daniel Kahneman

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2000-09-25

Total Pages: 864

ISBN-13: 9780521627498

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This book presents the definitive exposition of 'prospect theory', a compelling alternative to the classical utility theory of choice. Building on the 1982 volume, Judgement Under Uncertainty, this book brings together seminal papers on prospect theory from economists, decision theorists, and psychologists, including the work of the late Amos Tversky, whose contributions are collected here for the first time. While remaining within a rational choice framework, prospect theory delivers more accurate, empirically verified predictions in key test cases, as well as helping to explain many complex, real-world puzzles. In this volume, it is brought to bear on phenomena as diverse as the principles of legal compensation, the equity premium puzzle in financial markets, and the number of hours that New York cab drivers choose to drive on rainy days. Theoretically elegant and empirically robust, this volume shows how prospect theory has matured into a new science of decision making.

The Construction of Preference
The Construction of Preference

Author: Sarah Lichtenstein

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2006-08-28

Total Pages: 709

ISBN-13: 1139457780

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One of the main themes that has emerged from behavioral decision research during the past three decades is the view that people's preferences are often constructed in the process of elicitation. This idea is derived from studies demonstrating that normatively equivalent methods of elicitation (e.g., choice and pricing) give rise to systematically different responses. These preference reversals violate the principle of procedure invariance that is fundamental to all theories of rational choice. If different elicitation procedures produce different orderings of options, how can preferences be defined and in what sense do they exist? This book shows not only the historical roots of preference construction but also the blossoming of the concept within psychology, law, marketing, philosophy, environmental policy, and economics. Decision making is now understood to be a highly contingent form of information processing, sensitive to task complexity, time pressure, response mode, framing, reference points, and other contextual factors.

Exotic Preferences
Exotic Preferences

Author: George Loewenstein

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2007-08-02

Total Pages: 688

ISBN-13: 9780199257072

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An analysis of how individual preferences are formed, whether they can be predicted and the extent to which they are influenced by emotion rather than reason.

Preference Reversals Between Joint and Separate Evaluations of Options
Preference Reversals Between Joint and Separate Evaluations of Options

Author: Christopher K. Hsee

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Arguably, all judgments and decisions are made in 1 (or some combination) of 2 basic evaluation modes-joint evaluation mode (JE), in which multiple options are presented simultaneously and evaluated comparatively, or separate evaluation mode (SE), in which options are presented in isolation and evaluated separately. This article reviews recent literature showing that people evaluated options differently and exhibit reversals of preferences for options between JE and SE. The authors propose an explanation for the JE/SE reversal based on a principle called the evaluability hypothesis. The hypothesis posits that it is more diffecult to evaluate the desirability of values on some attributes than on others and that, compared with easy-to-evaluate attributes, difficult-to-evaluate attributes have a greater impact in JE than in SE.

Program Evaluation Theory and Practice, First Edition
Program Evaluation Theory and Practice, First Edition

Author: Donna M. Mertens

Publisher: Guilford Press

Published: 2012-03-01

Total Pages: 641

ISBN-13: 1462503268

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This engaging text takes an evenhanded approach to major theoretical paradigms in evaluation and builds a bridge from them to evaluation practice. Featuring helpful checklists, procedural steps, provocative questions that invite readers to explore their own theoretical assumptions, and practical exercises, the book provides concrete guidance for conducting large- and small-scale evaluations. Numerous sample studies—many with reflective commentary from the evaluators—reveal the process through which an evaluator incorporates a paradigm into an actual research project. The book shows how theory informs methodological choices (the specifics of planning, implementing, and using evaluations). It offers balanced coverage of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. Useful pedagogical features include: *Examples of large- and small-scale evaluations from multiple disciplines. *Beginning-of-chapter reflection questions that set the stage for the material covered. *"Extending your thinking" questions and practical activities that help readers apply particular theoretical paradigms in their own evaluation projects. *Relevant Web links, including pathways to more details about sampling, data collection, and analysis. *Boxes offering a closer look at key evaluation concepts and additional studies. *Checklists for readers to determine if they have followed recommended practice.