The Disappearing Fear of Neutralism
The Disappearing Fear of Neutralism

Author: Bernhard Hagen

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2007-07

Total Pages: 60

ISBN-13: 363864944X

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Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject History Europe - Germany - Postwar Period, Cold War, grade: very good, University of New Orleans (History Department), course: SE American History, language: English, abstract: Various studies discuss the American view of the Austrian State Treaty and Austrian neutrality, both concluded in 1955. There are a number of studies concerning the Eisenhower- and Kennedy Administrations regarding Austrian neutrality. In all of them, the American fear of neutralism plays a key role. Securing Austria's close connection with "western ideology" and therefore minimizing Soviet influence were main goals of U.S. policy towards Austria. The neutral state should at least show ideological support of the West in the East-West conflict. In the first part of this paper, I will try to describe the difference between the terms "neutrality" and "neutralism". Afterwards, it is necessary to discuss the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations policies towards Austria and give a brief overview of this time. The main goal is to examine the Johnson Administration's view of Austrian neutrality. The records in the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library in Austin, Texas, indicate that there was no more fear of Austrian neutralism by the mid-1960s. This paper analyses this development and discusses the status of Austrian neutrality in the sixties. Did the Eisenhower Administration succeed in pulling Austria to the "western side" in the Cold War? Was neutrality simply unimportant in the sixties? What consequences does neutrality have for the process of European integration? Other important aspects touched on in this essay are Austrian relations with Eastern Europe, relations with the European Economic Community and U.S. financial support for the Austrian Armed Forces, the "Bundesheer".

The Long Hitch Home
The Long Hitch Home

Author: Jamie Maslin

Publisher: Skyhorse

Published: 2015-02-03

Total Pages: 408

ISBN-13: 1632200333

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Tasmania to London. 800 hitchhiking trips. One year. Intrepid traveler and author Jamie Maslin does it again as he undertakes one of the most grueling, enlightening, and hilarious journeys of his life. How many rides does it take to hitch from Tasmania to London? Intrepid traveler and rogue wanderer Jamie Maslin decides to find out. The Long Hitch Home is a vibrant travelog of well-researched social, cultural, and historical introductions to the score of countries Maslin passed through. Whether writing about the exotic backstreets of cities few of us will get to see firsthand, or the unique geographical wonders of far off countries, Jamie Maslin gives a thrilling account of what it is like to hit the road and live with intensity and rapture.

Beyond Neutrality
Beyond Neutrality

Author: George Sher

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1997-01-13

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 9780521578240

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A major contribution to contemporary political theory examining the state's intervention in people's lives.

Arms Transfers, Neutrality and Britain's Role in the Cold War
Arms Transfers, Neutrality and Britain's Role in the Cold War

Author: Marco Wyss

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2012-10-12

Total Pages: 422

ISBN-13: 9004234438

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Great Britain was neutral Switzerland's main supplier of heavy weaponry during the early Cold War. Marco Wyss analyses this armaments relationship against the background of Anglo-Swiss relations between 1945 and 1958, and thereby assesses the role of arms transfers, neutrality and Britain, as well as the two countries' political, economic and military relations. By using multi-archival research, the author discovers "traits of specialness" in the Anglo-Swiss relationship, analyses the incentives for Berne's weapons purchases and London's arms sales, sheds new light on the Cold War arms transfer system and the motivations of the participating states, and questions the sustainability of neutrality during the East-West conflict, as well as Britain's role from a western neutral and small power perspective.

The Demographic Dividend
The Demographic Dividend

Author: David Bloom

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2003-02-13

Total Pages: 127

ISBN-13: 0833033735

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There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.

France
France

Author: Tony Chafer

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-07-27

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 1349243248

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Against the broad historical background of economic globalisation and dwindling nation-state resources, this book examines the impact of the end of the Cold War and of the geo-political transformation of Europe on a wide range of issues, from changing perceptions of France's future world role to the internal ramifications of a new ideological and strategic environment. Multi disciplinary in focus, it draws on the expertise of historians, political scientists, sociologists and economists working in the field of French studies.

Choosing War
Choosing War

Author: Fredrik Logevall

Publisher: Univ of California Press

Published: 2023-09-01

Total Pages: 558

ISBN-13: 0520927117

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In one of the most detailed and powerfully argued books published on American intervention in Vietnam, Fredrik Logevall examines the last great unanswered question on the war: Could the tragedy have been averted? His answer: a resounding yes. Challenging the prevailing myth that the outbreak of large-scale fighting in 1965 was essentially unavoidable, Choosing War argues that the Vietnam War was unnecessary, not merely in hindsight but in the context of its time. Why, then, did major war break out? Logevall shows it was partly because of the timidity of the key opponents of U.S. involvement, and partly because of the staunch opposition of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations to early negotiations. His superlative account shows that U.S. officials chose war over disengagement despite deep doubts about the war's prospects and about Vietnam's importance to U.S. security and over the opposition of important voices in the Congress, in the press, and in the world community. They did so because of concerns about credibility—not so much America's or the Democratic party's credibility, but their own personal credibility. Based on six years of painstaking research, this book is the first to place American policymaking on Vietnam in 1963-65 in its wider international context using multiarchival sources, many of them recently declassified. Here we see for the first time how the war played in the key world capitals—not merely in Washington, Saigon, and Hanoi, but also in Paris and London, in Tokyo and Ottawa, in Moscow and Beijing. Choosing War is a powerful and devastating account of fear, favor, and hypocrisy at the highest echelons of American government, a book that will change forever our understanding of the tragedy that was the Vietnam War.