Surface Climates of Canada

Surface Climates of Canada

Author: Timothy R. Oke

Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP

Published: 1998-01-15

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 0773563571

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

In the opening chapters contributors lay out the large-scale context of the physical climate of Canada, introducing the processes, balances, and dynamic linkages between the surface and atmosphere that create and maintain the diversity of surface climates found in Canada as well as outlining the nature of the physical processes that operate near the ground's surface. Individual chapters are dedicated to snow and ice - the almost universal surface cover in Canada - and the other major natural surface environments of Canada: ocean and coastal zones, fresh water lakes, wetlands, arctic islands, low arctic and subarctic lands, forests, and alpine environments. The final part of the book considers those surface environments that have been strongly influenced by human activity, such as agricultural lands and urban environments, and examines the prospects for future climate change. Bringing together for the first time a wide range of scholarship by leading climatologists, The Surface Climates of Canada will be an indispensable tool for understanding Canada's surface climates and the processes responsible for their creation and control. Contributors include Brian D. Amiro (AECL), W.G. Bailey (Simon Fraser), Richard Bello (York), Terry J. Gillespie (Guelph), Barry E. Goodison (Atmospheric Environment Service), F. Kenneth Hare (emeritus professor, Toronto), L.D. Danny Harvey (Toronto), Owen Hertzman (Dalhousie), Peter M. Lafleur (Trent), J. Harry McCaughey (Queen's), Linda Mortsch (Environment Canada), R. Ted Munn (Toronto), D. Scott Munro (Toronto), Atsumu Ohmura (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Timothy R. Oke (UBC), John W. Pomeroy (Environment Canada), Alexander W. Robertson (Canadian Forest Service), Nigel T. Roulet (McGill), Wayne R. Rouse (McMaster), Ian R. Saunders (Simon Fraser), William M. Schertzer (Environment Canada), Hans-Peter Schmid (Indiana), David L. Spittlehouse (BC Ministry of Forests), Douw G. Steyn (UBC), John L. Walmsley (Atmospheric Environment Service), John D. Wilson (Alberta), Ming-Ko Woo (McMaster).


Societal Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change

Societal Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change

Author: Sally M. Kane

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2000-05-31

Total Pages: 840

ISBN-13: 9780792363842

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Changes in climate and climate variability have an effect on people's behaviour around the world, and public institutions have an important part to play in influencing our ability to respond to and plan for climate risk. We may be able to reduce climate risk by seeking to mitigate the threat on the one hand, and by adapting to a changed climate on the other. Another theme of the book is the integrated role of adaptation and mitigation in framing issues and performing analyses. Adaptation costs fall most heavily on the poor and special attention needs to be paid to adaptation by the poorest populations. An integrating framework is also presented to provide the context for an expansive typology of terms to apply to adaptation. The 12 papers collected here use methods from a variety of disciplines and focus on different time frames for decision making, from short term to the very long term. Readership: Technically trained readers familiar with the policy issues surrounding climate change and interested in learning the scientific underpinnings of issues related to societal adaptation.


Climate Change and World Agriculture

Climate Change and World Agriculture

Author: Martin L. Parry

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-10-29

Total Pages: 178

ISBN-13: 1000692779

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Originally published in 1990, this book analysed the sensitivity of the world food system and looked at the variety of ways in which it would be affected by climate change. It describes the effects of climate change on agriculture, estimates the impacts on plant and animal growth and looks at the geographical limits to different types of farming. It also considers the range of possible ways to adapt agriculture and so to mitigate the disastrous consequences of climate change.


Farming in a Changing Climate

Farming in a Changing Climate

Author: Ellen Wall

Publisher: UBC Press

Published: 2011-11-01

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 077484020X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

In farming systems across Canada, effective risk management is necessary to deal with drought, flooding, and extreme weather, and to adapt to altered climate and weather conditions. Unfortunately, climate change risks and opportunities are not always well understood among researchers and policy makers in the Canadian agri-food sector. This book addresses that gap by providing a wide-ranging synopsis of what climate change means for Canadian agriculture, exploring different approaches to the topic, and presenting examples of current research. It covers all agricultural regions and a wide variety of commodity production and farming systems. This comprehensive survey synthesizes twenty years of research on climate change and Canadian agriculture.


Climate Change Mitigation and Agriculture

Climate Change Mitigation and Agriculture

Author: Eva Wollenberg

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2013-03-01

Total Pages: 470

ISBN-13: 1136503447

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book reviews the state of agricultural climate change mitigation globally, with a focus on identifying the feasibility, opportunities and challenges for achieving mitigation among smallholder farmers. The purpose is ultimately to accelerate efforts towards mitigating land-based climate change. While much attention has been focused on forestry for its reputed cost-effectiveness, the agricultural sector contributes about ten to twelve per cent of emissions and has a large technical and economic potential for reducing greenhouse gases. The book does not dwell on the science of emissions reduction, as this is well covered elsewhere; rather, it focuses on the design and practical implementation of mitigation activities through changing farming systems. Climate Change Mitigation and Agriculture includes chapters about experiences in developed countries, such as Canada and Australia, where these efforts also have lessons for mitigation options for smallholders in poorer nations, as well as industrialising countries such as Brazil and China. A wide range of agroecological zones and of aspects or types of farming, including livestock, crops, fish farming, fertilizer use and agroforestry, as well as economics and finance, is included. The volume presents a synthesis of current knowledge and research activities on this emerging subject. Together the chapters capture an exciting period in the development of land-based climate change mitigation as attention is increasingly focused on agriculture's role in contributing to climate change.


The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture

The Impact of Climatic Variations on Agriculture

Author: M.L. Parry

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-27

Total Pages: 848

ISBN-13: 9400929439

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Three important studies were initiated in the 1970s to investigate the relation ship between climatic variations and agriculture: by the National Delcnse University (1980) on Crop Yields and Climate Change to the Year 2000, by the U.s. Department of Transportation (1975) on Impacts of Climatic Change on the Biosphere and by the U.S. Department of Energy (1980) on Environmental and Societal Consequences of a Possible CO -Induced Climatic Change (the ClAP 2 study). These were pioneering projects in a young field. Their emphasis was on measuring likely impacts of climatic variations rather than on evaluating possible responses, and they focused on first-order impacts (e.g., on crop yields) rather than on higher-order effects on society. A logical next step was to look at higher-order effects and potential responses, as part of a more integrated approach to impact assessment. This was undertaken by the World Climate Impact Program (WCIP), which is directed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The WCIP is one of four aspects of the World Climate Program that was initiated in 1979. At a meeting in 1982, the Scientific Advisory Committee of WCIP accepted, in broad terms, a proposal from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) for an integrated climate impact assessment, with the proviso that the emphasis be on impacts in the agricultural sector. Martin Parry was asked to design and direct the project at IIASA. Funding was provided by UNEP, IIASA, the Austrian Government and the United Nations University.


The Carbon Farming Solution

The Carbon Farming Solution

Author: Eric Toensmeier

Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing

Published: 2016-02-22

Total Pages: 497

ISBN-13: 1603585729

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

With carbon farming, agriculture ceases to be part of the climate problem and becomes a critical part of the solution "This book is the toolkit for making the soil itself a sponge for carbon. It’s a powerful vision."—Bill McKibben "The Carbon Farming Solution is a book we will look back upon decades from now and wonder why something so critically relevant could have been so overlooked until that time. . . . [It] describes the foundation of the future of civilization."—Paul Hawken In this groundbreaking book, Eric Toensmeier argues that agriculture—specifically, the subset of practices known as "carbon farming"—can, and should be, a linchpin of a global climate solutions platform. Carbon farming is a suite of agricultural practices and crops that sequester carbon in the soil and in above-ground biomass. Combined with a massive reduction in fossil fuel emissions—and in concert with adaptation strategies to our changing environment— carbon farming has the potential to bring us back from the brink of disaster and return our atmosphere to the "magic number" of 350 parts per million of carbon dioxide. Toensmeier’s book is the first to bring together these powerful strategies in one place. Includes in-depth analysis of the available research. Carbon farming can take many forms. The simplest practices involve modifications to annual crop production. Although many of these modifications have relatively low sequestration potential, they are widely applicable and easily adopted, and thus have excellent potential to mitigate climate change if practiced on a global scale. Likewise, grazing systems such as silvopasture are easily replicable, don’t require significant changes to human diet, and—given the amount of agricultural land worldwide that is devoted to pasture—can be important strategies in the carbon farming arsenal. But by far, agroforestry practices and perennial crops present the best opportunities for sequestration. While many of these systems are challenging to establish and manage, and would require us to change our diets to new and largely unfamiliar perennial crops, they also offer huge potential that has been almost entirely ignored by climate crusaders. Many of these carbon farming practices are already implemented globally on a scale of millions of hectares. These are not minor or marginal efforts, but win-win solutions that provide food, fodder, and feedstocks while fostering community self-reliance, creating jobs, protecting biodiversity, and repairing degraded land—all while sequestering carbon, reducing emissions, and ultimately contributing to a climate that will remain amenable to human civilization. Just as importantly to a livable future, these crops and practices can contribute to broader social goals such as women’s empowerment, food sovereignty, and climate justice. The Carbon Farming Solution is—at its root—a toolkit and the most complete collection of climate-friendly crops and practices currently available. With this toolkit, farmers, communities, and governments large and small, can successfully launch carbon farming projects with the most appropriate crops and practices to their climate, locale, and socioeconomic needs. Toensmeier’s ultimate goal is to place carbon farming firmly in the center of the climate solutions platform, alongside clean solar and wind energy. With The Carbon Farming Solution, Toensmeier wants to change the discussion, impact policy decisions, and steer mitigation funds to the research, projects, and people around the world who envision a future where agriculture becomes the protagonist in this fraught, urgent, and unprecedented drama of our time. Citizens, farmers, and funders will be inspired to use the tools presented in this important book to transform degraded lands around the world into productive carbon-storing landscapes.


Regenerative Agriculture

Regenerative Agriculture

Author: David Dent

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-06-21

Total Pages: 351

ISBN-13: 3030722244

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The food system is our last coal-fired power station, our last diesel engine. This book is a trans-disciplinary approach to what needs to be done to make our food system sustainable and to regenerate soil and water resources, habitat, economy and society. The book brings back classical principles of agronomy and integrates economic, agro-ecological and social perspectives, drawing on a wealth of expertise on the political economy of the food system, Conservation Agriculture, and long-term field experiments. Regenerative agriculture builds on known knowns – like crop rotation, water and nutrient requirements, soil and water conservation, farm-gate prices, international trade and supply chains. It grapples with known unknowns – like weed, pest and disease control without agrochemicals, cover crops for profit as well as protection, mitigating and adapting to the climate crisis, resilience and tipping points in ecosystems, farming systems and societies, and how we can pay for imperative changes. Lastly, it acknowledges unknown unknowns – the things we are oblivious to but which we really must know – like how to liberate the ghettos of the mind inhabited by farmers, agronomists, politicians and societies.