The Appearance of Corruption

The Appearance of Corruption

Author: Daron R. Shaw

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 201

ISBN-13: 0197548415

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"The sanctity of political speech is a key element of the U.S. Constitution and a cornerstone of the American republic. When the Supreme Court linked political speech to campaign finance in its landmark Buckley v. Valeo (1976) decision, the modern era of campaign finance regulation was born. In practical terms, this decision meant that in order to pass constitutional muster, any laws limiting money in politics must be narrowly-tailored and serve a compelling state interest. The lone state interest the Court was willing to entertain was the mitigation of corruption. In order to reach this argument the Court advanced a sophisticated behavioral model, one with key assumptions about how laws will affect voters' opinions and behavior. These assumptions have received surprisingly little attention in the literature. This book takes up the task of identifying and analyzing empirically the Court's presumed links between campaign finance regulations and political opinions and behavior. In so doing, we rely on original survey data and experiments from 2009-2016 to openly confront the question of what happens when the Supreme Court is wrong, and when the foundation of over 40 years of jurisprudence is simply not true"--


Courts, Campaigns, and Corruption

Courts, Campaigns, and Corruption

Author: Nitya Tangada Rao

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13:

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In Buckley v. Valeo, arguably their most important campaign finance decision, the United States Supreme Court argued that the appearance of political corruption alone might be sufficient to undermine the health of a representative democracy. There has been little empirical evidence to support this assertion, so to test this hypothesis, I fielded a novel survey containing different measures of factors influencing perceptions of corruption, perceptions about campaign contributions, support for campaign finance reform initiatives, perceptions of the frequency and nature of corruption, and perceptions of democratic health to roughly 1000 participants on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. I constructed a causal diagram representing the "appearance of corruption" rationale in Buckley v. Valeo and used structural equation modeling, observed-variable path modeling to evaluate that specific causal hypothesis with various survey items. I found that the data did not support the hypotheses derived from the appearance of corruption rationale. To further test the Supreme Court’s claim that perceptions of corruption affect political behavior, I regressed various measures of perceptions of the frequency of corruption on self-reported political participation and found no significant correlation, again suggesting that the appearance of corruption rationale has meager empirical support.


To Prevent Corruption Or the Appearance of Corruption? Using Public Choice to Understand and Improve U.S. Political Campaign Finance Regulation

To Prevent Corruption Or the Appearance of Corruption? Using Public Choice to Understand and Improve U.S. Political Campaign Finance Regulation

Author: José Francisco García

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 181

ISBN-13: 9781124048628

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Since the first years of the American Republic, there have been several attempts to regulate the role of money in politics, particularly establishing different set of rules for political campaign finance. Yet more interesting seems the evolution of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in this matter. However, from the legal scholarship perspective, the story of political campaign finance regulation is the story of a regulation that seeks to promote the public interest: rules enacted to prevent corruption or its appearance, or the achievement of political equality. This dissertation will propose an alternative version of the existence and evolution of this regulation. In effect, when rules like spending and contribution limits or the existence of public funding are viewed under the public choice lens, it is possible to understand why incumbents, in an effort to try to preserve their positions in the market and prevent challengers to enter the political market, are so interested in establishing complex and rigid rules of campaign finance. More important, this rationale is not only useful when the political process is analyzed through the positive lens (describing how things are), but also from a normative perspective (how things could or should be) especially for the Court's judicial review of this legislation. This is particularly important these days when the Court and legal scholarship are looking for a coherent rationale to approach this area of regulation and also to explain the Robert's Court deregulatory approach to campaign finance regulation since 2006.


Campaign Finance & American Democracy

Campaign Finance & American Democracy

Author: David M. Primo

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2020-11-13

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 022671313X

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In recent decades, and particularly since the US Supreme Court’s controversial Citizens United decision, lawmakers and other elites have told Americans that stricter campaign finance laws are needed to improve faith in the elections process, increase trust in the government, and counter cynicism toward politics. But as David M. Primo and Jeffrey D. Milyo argue, politicians and the public alike should reconsider the conventional wisdom in light of surprising and comprehensive empirical evidence to the contrary. Primo and Milyo probe original survey data to determine Americans’ sentiments on the role of money in politics, what drives these sentiments, and why they matter. What Primo and Milyo find is that while many individuals support the idea of reform, they are also skeptical that reform would successfully limit corruption, which Americans believe stains almost every fiber of the political system. Moreover, support for campaign finance restrictions is deeply divided along party lines, reflecting the polarization of our times. Ultimately, Primo and Milyo contend, American attitudes toward money in politics reflect larger fears about the health of American democracy, fears that will not be allayed by campaign finance reform.


Political Corruption in a World in Transition

Political Corruption in a World in Transition

Author: Jonathan Mendilow

Publisher: Vernon Press

Published: 2019-10-31

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 1622737695

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This book argues that the mainstream definitions of corruption, and the key expectations they embed concerning the relationship between corruption, democracy, and the process of democratization, require reexamination. Even critics who did not consider stable institutions and legal clarity of veteran democracies as a cure-all, assumed that the process of widening the influence on government decision making and implementation allows non-elites to defend their interests, define the acceptable sources and uses of wealth, and demand government accountability. This had proved correct, especially insofar as ‘petty corruption’ is involved. But the assumption that corruption necessarily involves the evasion of democratic principles and a ‘market approach’ in which the corrupt seek to maximize profit does not exhaust the possible incentives for corruption, the types of behaviors involved (for obvious reasons, the tendency in the literature is to focus on bribery), or the range of situations that ‘permit’ corruption in democracies. In the effort to identify some of the problems that require recognition, and to offer a more exhaustive alternative, the chapters in this book focus on corruption in democratic settings (including NGOs and the United Nations which were largely so far ignored), while focusing mainly on behaviors other than bribery.


Plutocrats United

Plutocrats United

Author: Richard L. Hasen

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 2016-01-12

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 0300216742

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Campaign financing is one of today’s most divisive political issues. The left asserts that the electoral process is rife with corruption. The right protests that the real aim of campaign limits is to suppress political activity and protect incumbents. Meanwhile, money flows freely on both sides. In Plutocrats United, Richard Hasen argues that both left and right avoid the key issue of the new Citizens United era: balancing political inequality with free speech. The Supreme Court has long held that corruption and its appearance are the only reasons to constitutionally restrict campaign funds. Progressives often agree but have a much broader view of corruption. Hasen argues for a new focus and way forward: if the government is to ensure robust political debate, the Supreme Court should allow limits on money in politics to prevent those with great economic power from distorting the political process.


Corruption, Accountability and Discretion

Corruption, Accountability and Discretion

Author: Nancy S. Lind

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2017-10-25

Total Pages: 285

ISBN-13: 1787435555

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This timely and insightful book provides the key elements needed to understand the nature and prevalence of corruption in public governance, as well as the devastating public policy consequences.


Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance

Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance

Author: Mr.Sanjeev Gupta

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2002-09-24

Total Pages: 580

ISBN-13: 9781589061163

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This volume presents 18 IMF research studies on the causes and consequences of corruption, as well as how it can most effectively be combated to improve governance, increase economic growth, and reduce poverty. The authors examine how civil service wages affect corruption, the impact of natural resource availability on corruption, the impact of corruption on a country’s income distribution and incidence of poverty, and the effect of corruption on government expenditures on health and education.