The Cerebral Circulation
The Cerebral Circulation

Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla

Publisher: Biota Publishing

Published: 2016-07-28

Total Pages: 82

ISBN-13: 1615047239

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This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition
Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition

Author: Roland N. Pittman

Publisher: Biota Publishing

Published: 2016-08-18

Total Pages: 117

ISBN-13: 1615047212

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This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Human Anatomy Coloring Book
Human Anatomy Coloring Book

Author: Margaret Matt

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 1982-02-01

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13: 0486241386

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Including numerous views, cross-sections, and other diagrams, this entertaining instruction guide includes careful, scientifically accurate line renderings of the body's organs and major systems: skeletal, muscular, nervous, reproductive, and more. Each remarkably clear and detailed illustration is accompanied by concise, informative text and suggestions for coloring. 43 plates.

Human Anatomy
Human Anatomy

Author: Leslie Klenerman

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 177

ISBN-13: 0198707371

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An understanding of the structure and function of the human body is vital for anyone studying the medical and health sciences. In this book, Leslie Klenerman provides a clear and accessible overview of the main systems of the human anatomy, illustrated with a number of clear explanatory diagrams.

Atlas of the Human Body
Atlas of the Human Body

Author: Branislav Vidic

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2017-03-10

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 0128095016

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Atlas of Human Body: Central Nervous System and Vascularization is a multidisciplinary approach to the technical coverage of anatomical structures and relationships. It contains surface and 3D dissection images, native and colored cross sectional views made in different planes, MRI comparisons, demonstrations of cranial nerve origins, distribution of blood vessels by dissection, and systematic presentation of arterial distribution from the precapillary level, using the methyl metacrylate injection and subsequent tissue digestion method. Included throughout are late prenatal (fetal) and early postnatal images to contribute to a better understanding of structure/relationship specificity of differentiation at various developmental intervals (conduits, organs, somatic, or branchial derivatives). Each chapter features clinical correlations providing a unique perspective of side-by side comparisons of dissection images, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Created after many years of professional and scientific cooperation between the authors and their parent institutions, this important resource will serve researchers, students, and doctors in their professional work. - Contains over 700 color photos of ideal anatomical preparations and sections of each part of the body that have been prepared, recorded, and processed by the authors - Covers existing gaps including developmental and prenatal periods, detailed vascular anatomy, and neuro anatomy - Features a comprehensive alphabetical index of structures for ease of use - Features a companion website which contains access to all images within the book

Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices
Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices

Author: Paul A. Iaizzo

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-11-13

Total Pages: 806

ISBN-13: 331919464X

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This book covers the latest information on the anatomic features, underlying physiologic mechanisms, and treatments for diseases of the heart. Key chapters address animal models for cardiac research, cardiac mapping systems, heart-valve disease and genomics-based tools and technology. Once again, a companion of supplementary videos offer unique insights into the working heart that enhance the understanding of key points within the text. Comprehensive and state-of-the art, the Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology and Devices, Third Edition provides clinicians and biomedical engineers alike with the authoritative information and background they need to work on and implement tomorrow’s generation of life-saving cardiac devices.

Coronary Artery Anomalies
Coronary Artery Anomalies

Author: Paolo Angelini

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13:

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An atlas on coronary artery anomalies, this text provides a guide to the complex morphology that is essential to the understanding of coronary artery disease. The book features a variety of cases - with illustrative angiograms and diagrams - that demonstrates all possible anomalies and clarify what is abnormal. Each case includes clinical information, angiographic findings, other diagnostic material and a discussion.

Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow

Author: Michitoshi Inoue

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-09

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 4431683674

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Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.

Anatomy 360
Anatomy 360

Author: Jamie Roebuck

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

Published: 2018-02-06

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 1684122805

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With Anatomy 360, you'll get a complete picture of every part of your body—from your head to your toes, inside and out, and from every angle. Our bodies are a mystery to us. We see our arms and legs move, but may have no idea how the muscles beneath look as they contract. We know that our stomachs digest food and our hearts pump blood, but the images we have in our heads of these organs are often inaccurate or incomplete. Even seeing pictures of our internal systems and organs can be misleading if these pictures don't offer a full, 360-degree view. This new flexibound edition of Anatomy 360 shows the human body in its entirety—from the skin to the muscles to the organs to the bones. This stunning book provides a unique perspective on our most crucial parts, showing how the structures of our bodies influence their functions. You'll learn about the vagus nerve, which allows us to swallow, speak, and cough, and the frontalis muscle, which raises our eyebrows when we're surprised. You'll also learn why our noses run when we cry and why our brains are so important even though they weigh just one kilogram each. With Anatomy 360, you'll finally get a complete look at the human body—even the parts you thought you'd never see! The hardcover edition of Anatomy 360 won the Gold Award in Reference from ForeWord’s 2011 Book of the Year Awards