OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 431: In vitro skin corrosion: reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) test method
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 431: In vitro skin corrosion: reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) test method

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2019-06-18

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13: 9264264612

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The test described in this Test Guideline allows the identification of corrosive chemical substances and mixtures and it enables the identification of non-corrosive substances and mixtures when supported by a weight of evidence determination using other existing information.

Alternatives for Dermal Toxicity Testing
Alternatives for Dermal Toxicity Testing

Author: Chantra Eskes

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-11-21

Total Pages: 585

ISBN-13: 3319503537

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This book provides comprehensive information on the alternative (non-animal) dermal toxicity test methods currently available for industrial, regulatory, and academic use and also explores potential future developments. It encompasses all areas of dermal toxicity, including skin irritation, skin corrosion, skin sensitization, UV-induced effects, and skin genotoxicity. An individual chapter is devoted to each test method, with coverage of the scientific basis, validation status and regulatory acceptance, applications and limitations, available protocols, and potential role within testing strategies. In addition, perspectives from the test developer are presented, for example regarding critical steps in the protocol. The closing section addresses areas that may be of relevance for the future of dermal toxicity safety testing, including the validation and regulatory acceptance of integrated testing strategies, novel complex skin models, and high-throughput screening techniques.

Alternatives to Animal Testing
Alternatives to Animal Testing

Author: Hajime Kojima

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-12-27

Total Pages: 136

ISBN-13: 9811324476

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This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.

OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Guidance Document on an Integrated Approach on Testing and Assessment (IATA) for Skin Corrosion and Irritation
OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Guidance Document on an Integrated Approach on Testing and Assessment (IATA) for Skin Corrosion and Irritation

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2017-04-13

Total Pages: 64

ISBN-13: 9264274693

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This Guidance Document proposes an integrated approach on testing and assessment (IATA) for skin corrosion and irritation. It also provides consistent information on key characteristics of each of the individual information sources of the IATA, and relevant guidance on how to integrate ...

Microfluidics and Multi Organs on Chip
Microfluidics and Multi Organs on Chip

Author: P. V. Mohanan

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-07-11

Total Pages: 712

ISBN-13: 981191379X

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This book highlights the application of microfluidics in cell biology research, chemical biology, and drug discovery. It covers the recent breakthroughs and prospects of organ-on-a-chip, human-on-a-chip, multi-organ-on-a-chip for personalized medicine. The book presents the preclinical studies of organs-on-a-chip, concepts of multiple vascularized organ-on-chips, application of organ-on-a-chip in blood-brain barrier model, culture and co-culture of cells on multi-organ-on-chip and parameter measurements in microfluidic devices. It underscores the advantage of microfluidic devices for developing efficient drug carrier particles, cell-free protein synthesis systems, and rapid techniques for direct drug screening. Further, it entails human-on-a-chip for measuring the systemic response as well as immediate effects of an organ reaction on other organs. In summary, this book reviews the development of a microfluidic-based organ-on-a-chip device for the preclinical evaluation, ADME studies of drugs, chemicals, and medical devices. This book is a valuable source for pharma companies, product developers, students, researchers, academicians, and practitioners.