Historically, countering terrorism has been something that security services have carried out on behalf of the state, without community consultation or consent. Since 9/11 however, this tradition has increasingly been questioned and the idea that communities have the potential to defeat al Qaeda - related or influenced terrorism has gained ascendency across policy, security and other contexts. Based on research in the US, Britain and Northern Ireland, this book examines the involvement of Muslim and other communities in terror crime prevention work, exploring the complexities of community involvement as well as its advantages and examining how trusting relationships between police, security services and communities can be built.
Researchers examined past U.S. countering violent extremism and terrorism prevention efforts and explored policy options to strengthen terrorism prevention in the future. They found that current terrorism prevention capabilities are relatively limited and that there is a perceived need for federal efforts to help strengthen local capacity. However, any federal efforts will need to focus on building community trust to be successful.
Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
This timely and important work takes a critical look at the shifting role of police, who are becoming increasingly responsible for handling terrorism threats on top of their regular responsibilities. With an unprecedented empirical study, the authors of this book examine whether this increased focus on security-related threats may come at the expense of addressing “classic” police responsibilities, such as fighting crime and dealing with local, day-to-day community problems. They also examine whether this shift has had a detrimental effect on police-community relationships and perceptions of police legitimacy, as their role changes from “service” to “suspicion.” Through a four-year, multi-method study specifically focused on the Israel National Police, the authors of this work have examined the effects of this shifting role on a number of key areas of policing concern, namely: police effectiveness at fighting crime and police legitimacy, drawing conclusions applicable to any democratic police force. The results of the study provide a number of concrete recommendations for maintaining effectiveness and community relationships of the police, with increasing responsibilities, challenges, and limited resources. This work will be of interest for researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly with a focus on police studies and counter-terrorism; police administrators; and researchers in related disciplines, such as sociology and public administration.
Since terrorism is a global issue, counter-terrorism studies are also a global issue which requires cooperation and collaboration of multi-dimensional groups such as academicians representing the theoretical and research part, policymakers representing the coordination and authorization part and professionals representing the practical and real life experience. This publication is unique because it includes the researches, experiences and perceptions of all parts of this cooperation and collaboration. Hence, there are four primary sections in this book elaborating their perspectives: Understanding Terrorism, Suicide Attacks, Radical terrorism and Case Studies, Strategies and Tactics for Dealing with Terrorist Hostage Sieges, Hijackings and Kidnappings, and Counter-Terrorism Policies: Lessons for the Future. This book encapsulates these various themes that highlight how to understand the terrorism phenomenon and analyze how to respond to terrorism and terrorist operations and how to promote counter terrorism policies and strategies.
Community policing has become the new orthodoxy for police in the United States, as well as in other countries around the world. Although the movement's philosophies and practices are spreading rapidly, little is known about the range of ongoing activities, the components of these experimental initiatives, the problems and challenges encountered, and the level of success in achieving objectives. Providing a clear picture of national and international trends in progressive police administration, the book explores the cutting edge of this movement with some of the best empirical studies to date. The editor has gathered together the expertise of widely recognized researchers to address the fundamental question of whether community policing is on the road to fulfilling its many promises. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the authors present a thorough evaluation of the social and organizational processes involved in planning and implementing community policing, as well as the effects of such programs.
Packed with valuable counter-terror intelligence presented in a quick-hit format. Topics include: suggestions for enforcement counter-terror tools officers should carry; tips for spotting out-of-the-ordinary people and situations that can indicate trouble; insight into identifying fake documentation; terrorist investigation strategies; Exploration of the killer terrorist mind-set; and domestic terrorist groups. This counter-terrorism Pocketguide gives you a rare insider look into the terrorist mind-set and how to protect yourself, your family and your community; a stunning list of possible post-9/11 terrorist-related crimes in the U.S.; equipment tips to prepare you for anything; affiliations between crimes and terrorists; daily patrol techniques that can increase your odds of spotting potential terrorist activity in your sector; insights into "Terrorcrats" and why the "Americans Against America" phenomenon may raise counter-terrorism red flags and threaten your safety.
The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.
Community policing has been a prevailing approach to public safety for the past three decades. When properly implemented, community policing improves civic engagement of local residents, gives them stake in coproducing outcomes with local police, and increases police legitimacy in the eyes of the public. Community policing's broad approach places a greater emphasis on proactive and preventive policing and has been applied to a diverse array of public safety concerns, including child safety, traditional crime, and gangs. The same community policing strategies and principles that have helped improve public safety and reduce crime and social disorder are now being leveraged to counter terrorism and prevent violent extremism. This guide discusses five key principles of community policing applied to homeland security concerns and provides practical examples from law enforcement agencies implementing community policing approaches to counter violent extremism.
The Prevent strategy, launched in 2007 seeks to stop people becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism both in the UK and overseas. It is the preventative strand of the government's counter-terrorism strategy, CONTEST. Over the past few years Prevent has not been fully effective and it needs to change. This review evaluates work to date and sets out how Prevent will be implemented in the future. Specifically Prevent will aim to: respond to the ideological challenge of terrorism and the threat we face from those who promote it; prevent people from being drawn into terrorism and ensure that they are given appropriate advice and support; and work with sectors and institutions where there are risks of radicalization which need to be addressed
