The literature on technological change and growth has mainly used econometric models to establish that factors such as the degree of openness, skills, research and development expenditures, number of patents etc. are critical determinants of innovation and its effect on growth. However, this approach fails to explain the role of institutions and policies that created the environment for innovation. Using 10 case studies from developing countries, this book examines how governments fostered technological adaptation through public-private partnerships to develop world-class exporters in high-growth, non-traditional industries.
The technological revolution has reached around the world, with important consequences for business, government, and the labor market. Computer-aided design, telecommunications, and other developments are allowing small players to compete with traditional giants in manufacturing and other fields. In this volume, 16 engineering and industrial experts representing eight countries discuss the growth of technological advances and their impact on specific industries and regions of the world. From various perspectives, these distinguished commentators describe the practical aspects of technology's reach into business and trade.
Presenting new material and a fresh perspective, Technology, Trade and Growth in OECD Countries, provides a unifying framework for the exploration of the role played by specialisation in economic growth and international competitiveness.
This book identifies the major factors responsible for effective transfer of information and human expertise from an advanced country or a multinational corporation to the developing world.
Technological revolutions have increased the world’s wealth unevenly and in ways that have accelerated climate change. This report argues that achieving The Paris Agreement’s objectives would require a massive transfer of existing and commercially proven low-carbon technologies (LCT) from high-income to developing countries where the bulk of future emissions is expected to occur. This mass deployment is not only a necessity but also an opportunity: Policies to deploy LCT can help countries achieve economic and other development objectives, like improving human health, in addition to reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs). Additionally, LCT deployment offers an opportunity for countries with sufficient capabilities to benefit from participation in global value chains and produce and export LCTs. Finally, the report calls for a greater international involvement in supporting the poorest countries, which have the least access to LCT and finance and the most underdeveloped physical, technological, and institutional capabilities that are essential to benefit from technology.
The papers in this volume cover a wide range topics related to theme of the conference, titled as “Current Debates in Social Sciences”, and reflect the different perspectives of economics. The studies are mainly about economics and econometrics and can be classified under the sections of Political Economy, Globalisation, International Economics and Foreign Trade and lastly Economic Growth and Development Economics. Both empirical and theoretical papers are presented in this volume in order to discuss and analyze current debates on economics. We believe that these papers would contribute to the researchers, experts and academicians in a way to improve their interests and field of study.
This book summarizes, and highlights main messages from, a February 2007 Global Forum convened by the World Bank to discuss strategies, programs, and policies for building science, technology and innovation (STI) capacity to promote sustainable growth and poverty reduction in developing countries.
This timely Handbook comprehensively explores the complex relationships between trade and economic performance in developing countries, illustrating that it is not trade per se that is important but the context, at the firm, country and regional level, in which trade occurs.
This issue of Socrates has been divided into five sections. The first section of this issue is Language & Literature- Persian. The article in this section introduces a Manuscript that highlights the 18th Century History of Awadh India. The second section of this issue is Anthropology. The article in this section provides the role of weaving activity in socio-cultural life of Oromo society in general and Macca Oromo in particular. It also highlights how weavers play a great role in perseveration of cultural heritage, employment creation, tourist attraction and environmental protection in these areas. The third section of this issue is History. The paper in this section is the excerpt of the UGC Minor Research Project under the financial help of the University Grants Commission carried out in the year 2014. This paper highlights Political identities and dilemma in Jharkhand Movement, India and raises Questions of ‘environmental revivalism' and its consequences. The fourth section of this issue is Philosophy. The first article in this section tries to demonstrate that the emergence of the Internet refutes any claims posed by neurologists on the traditional epistemological field of philosophy, proceeding from this ontological decision, the equation of human cognition to cybernetic systems. The paper also explores some social-semantic aspects of the cyberspace as a nexus of social representations of the individual identity that forms a new sphere of being, where the subjective and the objective merge in a virtual subjective objectivity with unique epistemological attributes and possibilities. The second article of this section deals with the question of how and why the civilizations of modernity construct social realities that fundamentally and institutionally are socio-politically unequal, unsustainable and that ecologically these societies reproduce unequal exchange of human, social and environmental resources and information. Moreover, it tries to position an alternative pathway for radical and democratic transformation through “the project of autonomy” influenced from the struggle for the commons as a protest against the commodification and monetarization of the whole of our existence. It aims to expand the knowledge about the struggle of social movements, as well as exposing the endless possibilities humanity have to re-imagine an autonomous present and a sustainable future. The fifth section of this issue is Politics, Law and Governance which contains an artilce that dwells on the experiences of India in the software and pharmaceutical industries to argue for the need for policy space in technology evolution.
This volume is the result of the 2012 International Economic Association's series of roundtables on the theme of Industrial Policy. The first, 'New Thinking on Industrial Policy,' was hosted by the World Bank in Washington, D.C, and the second, 'New Thinking on Industrial Policy: Implications for Africa,' was held in Pretoria, South Africa.
