This book offers a transdisciplinary perspective on the concept of "smart villages" Written by an authoritative group of scholars, it discusses various aspects that are essential to fostering the development of successful smart villages. Presenting cutting-edge technologies, such as big data and the Internet-of-Things, and showing how they have been successfully applied to promote rural development, it also addresses important policy and sustainability issues. As such, this book offers a timely snapshot of the state-of-the-art in smart village research and practice.
This paper reviews how women in the developing world access and use information and communication technology (ICT). It examines the discourse and controversies surrounding the digital gender divide, including links to poverty and illiteracy. Major themes concerning women and ICTs are explored, such as women in the ICT workforce, how girls and women relate differently to ICT, and opportunities and barriers for women in science and technology in general. Current research relating to gender and ICT is often country-specific and is more prevalent in developed countries than in developing countries. This paper suggests where additional research is needed on barriers to women s entry and access to ICT. The overall objective of this paper is to influence policy dialogue around women and ICT for development by raising awareness of the digital gender divide. Economic opportunity for women in ICT will not be realized until policies address gender considerations and ensure that ICT investment contributes to more sustainable and equitable development.
Industrially developing countries have the largest populations, the highest levels of poverty, poor health, and illiteracy, and the greatest need for improvement in working conditions. And as the marketplace and the workforce goes increasingly global, accountability with regard to the abuse of cheap labor in developing countries is becoming an issu
This book is a compilation of papers presented in the International Ergonomics Conference, HWWE-2007held at Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal during Decemeber 10-12, 2007. The proceedings of HWWE 2007 titled "Developments in Agricultural and Industrial Ergonomics" has been brought out in two volumes, Vol. 1(General Studies) and Vol-2 (Women at Work). This volume contains two sections namely Women in Agriculture and Women at Work and Home.
This book includes the accepted papers of the four selected workshops which focus on integration of emerging technologies into education and training (ETELT), Interactive Environments and Emerging Technologies for eLearning (IEETeL), Technology Enhanced Learning in Nursing Education (Nursing), and Technology Enhanced Learning for Future Citizens (TEL4FC). Education is the cornerstone of any society; it serves as one of the foundations for many of its social values and characteristics. mis4TEL’23 promotes the interaction among the scientific community to discuss applications of Technology Enhanced Learning solutions targeting not only cognitive and social processes but also motivational, personality, or emotional factors. In addition, current trends concerning the use of artificial intelligence can help and augment learning opportunities for learners and educators. We would like to thank all the contributing authors, the members of the program committee, national associations (AEPIA, and APPIA), and the sponsors (AIR Institute, and Camara Municipal de Guimarães).
The aim of the book is to present contributions in theory, policy and practice to the science and policy of sustainable intensification by means of technological and institutional innovations in agriculture. The research insights re from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The purpose of this book is to be a reference for students, scholars and practitioners inthe field of science and policy for understanding and identifying agricultural productivity growth potentials in marginalized areas.
In the 21st century, even after more than two decades have passed, the challenge of work division persists. Even if participation in work is achieved, the main cause of economic oppression seems to be unequal wages based on gender. For rural Indian women, the complexity generated during employment creates more problems than the availability of job opportunities itself. If these complexities are examined impartially, it's not just about unequal wages; rather, numerous factors emerge on social, political, religious, gender, and traditional bases that complicate their access to available opportunities and hinder easy living. Understanding these enigmas of employment, the subtle level of work performed by rural women is attempted to be explained in this book through detailed analysis. For this purpose, a survey and interview of women from various villages in the development block of Devkali in the Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh have been conducted. The effort to comprehend this reality with clarity has been carried out in different phases. In the inaugural chapter, an in- depth exploration of rural working women is undertaken, delving into their introduction and conceptual framework. This sets the stage for a comprehensive examination of their experiences and challenges. The second chapter delves into the extensive body of literature surrounding employment opportunities for rural women, offering a meticulous analysis that unravels the complexities of their professional landscape. This rigorous examination illuminates key trends and patterns. Chapter three provides a panoramic view of the study area, offering insights into its historical and geophysical background. By contextualizing the region, a deeper understanding of the dynamics shaping the employment landscape for rural women emerges. Moving forward, the fourth chapter meticulously scrutinizes the myriad obstacles and fluctuations that impact employment opportunities for rural women. Through a discerning lens, this chapter dissects the challenges that these women encounter on their professional journey. Chapter Five navigates the intricate terrain of familial dynamics and societal attitudes toward women's workforce participation. By shedding light on these multifaceted aspects, a nuanced understanding of the broader ecosystem in which rural women operate is attained. In the ensuing chapter, the focus shifts to the formidable barriers posed by entrenched traditional values, virility, and patriarchal hegemony. These entrenched forces pose significant challenges to the advancement of rural women in the workforce, making this chapter a critical exploration of the prevailing socio-cultural context. The final chapter turns its attention towards wages, work performance, and the imperative work of safeguarding the rights of rural working women. By dissecting these crucial facets, this chapter seeks to fortify the foundations upon which the empowerment of rural women in the workforce stands.
Women are central to overcoming rural poverty. They play a critical role in poverty reduction and food security because they are responsible for both production and reproduction. Rural women in developing countries have longer working days than men because of their triple roles as farmers, caretakers of their families and cash earners through income-generating activities and microfinance. In addition, increasing drought and deforestation in many parts of the world make women's workload even more burdensome as they have to walk ever-longer distances to find firewood and clean water. The multiple roles of women can act as an obstacle to development interventions, which often put additional pressure on women's time. Women's heavy workload reduces the time available for participation in project-related activities or affects their ability to care for their families. Ensuring women's access to labour-saving technologies for water, energy and farm-related activities is fundamental, and the need for such technologies is greater than it has ever been before. This timely publication looks back at three decades of experiences in introducing labour-saving technologies and practices to rural women and in combating persistent gender discrimination in access and control. It also takes into account major developments in science, technology and innovation over the last several years and shows they can benefit women.
