Sunspot Cycle and Ionospheric Storms

Sunspot Cycle and Ionospheric Storms

Author: Raymond J. Cormier

Publisher:

Published: 1965

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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This study pertains to ionospheric storms and to the F(2) region electron density and nondeviative absorption variations accompanying them. Data for a year of medium (1960) and a year of low (1963) sunspot number are analyzed. An index of ionospheric storminess, which is an indicator of the amount of expansion and contraction of the HF useful frequency spectrum caused by ionospheric storms, is also discussed. The data used in this study are the amplitude recordings, made at Concord, Mass., of several WWV frequencies originating from Beltsville, Maryland. The path length involved is 590 km. In this paper are discussed: the usefulness and ease of calculation of the storm index; the apparent solar (cos x) control of the F(2) region during a year of low sunspot number; the absorption (mostly nondeviative) accompanying ionospheric and magnetic storms; the differences in average ionospheric storm variations between two years of the sunspot cycle; and the appearance or disappearance of a pronounced f(o)F(1) cusp on the Ft Belvoir ionosonde data which indicates whether an ionospheric storm is accompanied by enhanced or depressed F(2) region electron densities. (Author).


Ionospheric Space Weather

Ionospheric Space Weather

Author: Ljiljana R. Cander

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-09-15

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 3319993313

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This book describes essential concepts of, and the status quo in, the field of ionospheric space weather. It explains why our society on planet Earth and moving outwards into space cannot work safely, function efficiently, or progress steadily without committed and comprehensive research initiatives addressing space weather. These initiatives must provide space environment specifications, warnings, and forecasts, all of which need to be timely, accurate and reliable. Cause and effect models of the Earth’s ionosphere are discussed in terms of the spatial and temporal dimensions of background variability, storms, gradients, irregularities, and waves in both current and long-term research activities. Starting from dynamic processes on the Sun, in the interplanetary medium, and in the Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere, the text focuses on the dominant features of the plasma medium under normal and extreme conditions over the European zone during the last few Solar Cycles. One of the book’s most unique features is a series of fundamental examples that offer profound insights into ionospheric climate and weather. Various approaches for acquiring and disseminating the necessary data and forecasting analyses are discussed, and interesting analogies are observed between terrestrial and space weather – both of which could produce lasting social consequences, with not only academic but also concrete economic implications. The book’s primary goal is to foster the development of ionospheric space weather products and services that are capable of satisfying the ever-growing demand for space-based technology, and are ready for the society of the not-so-distant future.


Storms from the Sun

Storms from the Sun

Author: Michael J. Carlowicz

Publisher: Joseph Henry Press

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 9780309076425

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Examines the emerging physical science of space weather and the impact the sun and solar storms have on Earth life.


Ionospheric Effects of Solar Flares

Ionospheric Effects of Solar Flares

Author: Hermine Vloemans

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13: 9401022313

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Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances resulting from an interaction of the Solar Flare radiation with the constituents of the upper atmosphere constitute one of the three major aspects of ground level monitoring of solar flares -the other two being optical observations of flares, and the observations of solar bursts in radio wavelengths. SIDs, therefore, form a major part of flare monitoring programme in many observatories. Unlike the other two, however, the ionospheric effects of flares provide one major additional source of interest - the reaction of the ionospheric plasma to an impulsive ionization. The high atmosphere provides a low pressure laboratory without walls in which a host of reactions occur between electrons, ions and neutral particles. The resulting products and their distributions may bear no resemblance to those of the primary neutral constituents or their direct ionization products. The variations with the time of the day, with season and with solar activity that form the bulk of the ionospheric measurements are too slow to allow any insight into the nature of these ionospheric reactions whose lifetimes are often very short. The relaxation time of the ionospheric ionization is only a few minutes or fraction of a minute in the lower ionosphere and in the E-region and is about 30 min to an hour at 300 km. The flares provide a sudden short impulse comparable to these time scales.


Manual on Short-term Prediction of Ionospheric Geomagnetic Storms and Radio Propagation Forecasting Service

Manual on Short-term Prediction of Ionospheric Geomagnetic Storms and Radio Propagation Forecasting Service

Author: R. A. Zevakina

Publisher:

Published: 1968

Total Pages: 98

ISBN-13:

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The main features of ionospheric-geomagnetic storms and their probable causes are reviewed. Disturbances in short-wave radio propagation during such storms are discussed. The principles of short-term prediction of ionospheric-geomagnetic storms are summarized and all kinds of Izmiran's forecasts are described. The application of these forecasts and current ionospheric data to calculation of usable radio propagation frequencies is explained. This Manualiis of interest to radio-communication operators as well as to geophysicists dealing with this field of science.


From the Sun

From the Sun

Author: Steven T. Suess

Publisher: American Geophysical Union

Published: 1998-02-04

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13:

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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Special Publications Series. From the Sun demystifies auroras, magnetic storms, solar flares, cosmic rays and other displays of Sun-Earth interactions. The authors, all well-known figures in space science, explain how solar eruptions affect human technology and society in articles intended for the nonspecialist and adapted from Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. One of the most appealing features is a comprehensive glossary of the terminology necessary to read almost any volume on Sun-Earth connections.


Corotating Interaction Regions

Corotating Interaction Regions

Author: A. Balogh

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2000-01-31

Total Pages: 508

ISBN-13: 9780792360803

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This volume gives a comprehensive and integrated overview of current knowledge and understanding of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the solar wind. It is the result of a workshop at ISSI, where space scientists involved in the Ulysses, Pioneer, Voyager, IMP-8, Wind, and SOHO missions exchanged their data and interpretations with theorists in the fields of solar and heliospheric physics. The book provides a broad synthesis of current understanding of CIRs, which form at the interface between the fast solar wind originating in the northern and southern coronal holes and the slow solar wind that originates near and within coronal streamers surrounding the heliomagnetic equator. CIRs are the dominant structure in the heliosphere near and beyond Earth on the declining phase and near the minimum of the 11-year solar activity cycle. Particles energized at the shocks that bound CIRs at heliospheric distances beyond the orbit of Earth are the dominant energetic particle population observed in the outer heliosphere at these times. Papers included in this volume cover the subject of CIRs from their dissipation in the outer hemisphere, and include discussions of complexities associated with their evolution with distance from the Sun, their three-dimensional structure, and the myriad effects that CIRs have on energetic particles throughout the heliosphere. The book is intended to provide scientists active in space physics research with an up-to-date status report on current understanding of CIRs and their effects in the heliosphere, and also to serve the advanced graduate student with introductory material on this active field of research.


Observing the Sun

Observing the Sun

Author: Peter O. Taylor

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1991-11-21

Total Pages: 180

ISBN-13: 9780521401104

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Observing the Sun is one of the most interesting and rewarding facets of astronomy to which amateurs can contribute. Few areas of science offer as many opportunities to contribute meaningful data. It is the one branch of astronomy that requires only modest equipment and can be pursued during the day. Peter Taylor is a keen and highly experienced observer of the Sun. In this book he explains in a clear and practical way everything that a telescope user needs to know in order to make solar observations. The author draws on his many years of personal experience as a contributor to the Solar Division of the American Association of Variable Star Observers and to the American Sunspot Program. The book deals with the following topics: historical background, choice of equipment for the safe conduct of solar observations, observations of sunspots, and reporting observations. New techniques, such as electronic recording and the operations of radio telescopes, are included. The level of presentation is understandable to anyone with basic astronomical knowledge and some experience in handling a small telescope.