Subsurface and Outcrop Examination of the Capitan Shelf Margin, Northern Delaware Basin
Subsurface and Outcrop Examination of the Capitan Shelf Margin, Northern Delaware Basin

Author: Paul Mitchell Harris

Publisher:

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13:

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Shelf sandstone reservoirs, as opposed to shoreline and deep-water deposits, is the subject of this publication. Shelf sands and sandstone reservoirs are among the more poorly understood types of sandstones. Continental, shoreline and deep water sandstones have all been studied in much more depth than have shelf sands and sandstones. However, during the last fifteen years significant progress has been made in understanding shelf sands and sandstones. Studies of modern sediments have allowed us to understand many of the depositional processes active on the shelf.

The Permian of Northern Pangea
The Permian of Northern Pangea

Author: Peter A. Scholle

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 598

ISBN-13: 3642785905

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The Permian was a remarkable time period. It represents the maximum stage of Pangean continental assembly, includes a major global climatic shift from glacial to nonglacial conditions (icehouse-greenhouse transition), and is ter minated by one of the most profound faunal/floral extinction events in the Earth's history. In addition, Permian oceans, although poorly understood, must have had some quite unique characteristics. Permian seas reached the most extreme values of carbon, sulfur, and strontium isotopic ratios ever achieved in Phanerozoic time, and the isotopic ratios of all three elements abruptly returned to more "normal" values at, or very close to, the Permo Triassic boundary. Finally, the Permian is marked by an abundance of important sedimentary mineral resources. It has large fossil fuel concentra tions (coal, oil, and natural gas), enormous phosphate reserves, and very extensive evaporite deposits, including gypsum, anhydrite, and halite, as well as a variety of potash salts. Study of the Permian has been hampered, however, by a number of factors. These include a scattered geologic literature (presented in a variety of languages), a confusing regional and global stratigraphic framework (based, in part, on inadequate type sections), and largely provincial, often poorly correlatable faunas. All have contributed to the sparsity and inadequacy of overviews of this critical geological interval. These two volumes attempt to bring together some of the widely scattered observations about these fascinating rocks, at least for the northern (predominantly nonglacial) parts of Pangea.

The Geometry and Petrogenesis of Dolomite Hydrocarbon Reservoirs
The Geometry and Petrogenesis of Dolomite Hydrocarbon Reservoirs

Author: Colin J. R. Braithwaite

Publisher: Geological Society of London

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 430

ISBN-13: 9781862391666

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The wide distribution of dolomite rocks in North American, Middle- and Far-Eastern hydrocarbon reservoirs is reason enough for their intensive study. In this volume dolomite enthusiasts review progress and define the current boundaries of dolomite research, related particularly to the importance of these rocks as reservoirs.

Unlocking the Stratigraphical Record
Unlocking the Stratigraphical Record

Author: Peter Doyle

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1998-03-06

Total Pages: 549

ISBN-13: 0471974633

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Stratigraphy is the key to understanding the geological evolution of the earth. It provides the framework for our interpretation of the sequences of events which have shaped the earth throughout its 4600 million years of existence. It provides the timescale with which we can determine the relative order of these events, and it provides the means whereby we can calibrate this using absolute ages in years. Stratigraphy is therefore the most fundamental subject in the science of geology, and all geologists are practising stratigraphers. Traditionally, however, stratigraphy has been considered as a Victorian science, a ponderous process of the naming and cataloguing of innumerable geological units most of which are of limited interest outside of a given geographical region. This view has been challenged in recent years through the development of new techniques such as sequence stratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy which have greatly enhanced our capability to interpret earth history. In this book many of the leading practitioners of modern stratigraphy have been gathered together to provide up-to-date and authoritative reviews of most of the important advances in the subject. As such it is the only volume to provide a comprehensive treatment of modern stratigraphy at an advanced undergraduate level.

Carbonate Reservoirs
Carbonate Reservoirs

Author: Clyde H. Moore

Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published: 2013-08-12

Total Pages: 108

ISBN-13: 0128081015

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Major porosity-modifying processes operating in the marine diagenetic realm are (1) cementation in shallow warm waters, (2) dolomitization accompanied by minor porosity enhancement in deep waters below the aragonite and calcite lysoclines, and (3) dolomitization associated with organic degradation during early burial. In shallow, normal marine environments, porosity is lost through abiotic and microbially mediated cementation. Such cementation is most abundant in shelf-margin reefs, high-energy intertidal zones, and isolated hardgrounds. Abiotic and microbial cementation in reefs—in combination with bioerosion and internal sedimentation—can totally destroy high initial reef framework porosities. Although intertidal and hardground cements tend to be vertically and laterally restricted, these zones can act as permeability barriers in reservoirs. Deep marine slope and basin environments can experience significant porosity modification. Aragonite cementation on the upper slope extends to 60m depth at present. During the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, carbonate mud mounds developed on upper shelf slopes and distal ramps. Microbial processes in these mounds contributed to both early cementation and dissolution. Many such mounds formed in conjunction with hydrothermal and cold petroleum vents on the seafloor; some of these mud mounds are significant reservoirs. Where the thermocline and carbonate lysoclines impinge on steep carbonate platform margins that front oceanic basins, dissolution of aragonite and/or calcite, precipitation of radiaxial calcite cement, and dolomitization can occur. Kohout thermal convection and mixing-zone-induced seawater circulation are the most likely hydrologic pumps driving large volumes of marine water through steep platform margins. At relatively shallow depths in the sediment/rock column, decomposition of organic matter mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria can promote dissolution of aragonite and Mg-calcite, calcite cementation, and massive dolomitization.

Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Response to Eustatic, Tectonic and Climatic Forcing
Sequence Stratigraphy and Depositional Response to Eustatic, Tectonic and Climatic Forcing

Author: B.U. Haq

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 559

ISBN-13: 9401585830

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Sequence stratigraphy has advanced considerably since the early applications of the concepts on seismic data. It attempts to discern the migration of facies re sulting from changes in a combination of factors such as, sea level, tectonics, climate and sediment flux, and integrates it with a meaningful chronostratigraphy. The stratigraphic record is envisioned as a framework of repetitive packages of genetically-related strata, formed in response to the shifting base level, in which the locus of deposition of various sediment types may be anticipated. This attribute is rapidly promoting sequence stratigraphy as an indispensable tool for prediction of facies in exploration and production geology. In hydrocarbon exploration the application of sequence stratigraphy has ranged from anticipating reservoir- and source-rock distribution to predicting carbonate diagenesis, porosity and permeability. The capability to anticipate vertical and lateral distribution of facies and reservoir sands in the basinal, shoreface, incised valley-fill and regressive settings alone has been a great asset for exploration. In frontier areas, where data are often limited to seismic lines, sequence-stratigraphic methodology has helped determine the timing and of types of unconformities and anticipate transgressive- and regressive-prone intervals. In production it is aiding in field development by providing improved source and seal predictions for secondary oil recovery. A recognition of stratigraphic causes of poor recovery through improved understanding of internal stratal architecture can lead to new well recompletions and enhanced exploitation in existing fields. The sequence-stratigraphic discipline is in a state of rapid expansion.