This collection of original essays by members of the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on Substance Abuse and Habitual Behavior offers innovative perspectives on self-control over the use of habituating substances and related types of behavior. The authors review the powerful social-psychological influences of normative rules and interpersonal circumstances in developing individual capacities for self-control in, for example, the use of heroin. They also look at experimental contingencies under which animals engage in self-harming behavior; the induction of exaggerated consumption behavior, such as massive fluid drinking by laboratory rats; and studies of environmental and genetic influences on neurophysiological sensitivity to and preference for alcohol in laboratory mouse strains. The concluding chapter presents an unorthodox perspective on ways of self-governing the consumption of cigarettes and other substances, recognizing the peculiarities of the processes of human choice. In his introduction, volume editor Peter Levison contrasts the diverse approaches reflected in the book with the common-sense notion of self-control.
'Understanding Industrial and Corporate Change' contains pioneering work on technological, organizational, and institutional change and explores three distinct themes: Markets and Organizations; Evolutionary Theory and Technological Change; and Strategy, Capabilities, and Knowledge Management.
This book examines the role of competence, organization and strategies of firms in industrial dynamics linking economic, management and historical perspectives. In the first part of the book, a series of economic and managerial contributions discuss the concepts, dimensions and effects of routines, competence, adaptation, learning, organizational structure and strategies in the evolution of industrial enterprises at the theoretical and empirical levels. In the second part of the book, a series of historical papers examine these issues in a longterm perspective for the United States, Japan and several European countries.
Methods in Behavioral Pharmacology is unique in offering a complete description and critical evaluation of most, if not all, methods available to study the effects of drugs on behavior. It stands apart in that it is not limited to the analysis of a particular class of pharmacological agents in a limited number of paradigms. Methods in Behavioral Pharmacology covers all paradigms without reference to specific pharmacological compounds. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the methodology used to study the behavioral effects of legal and illegal drugs. It also provides an in-depth presentation of dependent variables, their quantification and a critical evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. An excellent work, contributed to by well-known experts in the different fields of behavioral pharmacology.
Eight therapy-specific videos co-developed by Dr. Jon Carlson and Dr. Judy Lewis to fill an important need in the field of addiction counseling. Each instructional tape features footage from an actual counseling session with real clients facilitated by an expert in the field. Approximately 90 minutes in length, each video follows a three-part format of instruction, demonstration, and follow-up discussion.
Life scientists have declared the 1990s to be the "Decade of the Brain." Undoubtedly the most important organ, the brain is perhaps the least understood. Until recently, the proper methodology for exploring the basic functions of the brain were not available. However, the new era of computer technology brain imaging and molecular biology have given scientists the tools for studying previously hidden mechanisms of the brain which control thinking, emotions, and behavior. Along with this new knowledge, scientists have observed that drugs of abuse can alter these same brain functions in a profound and persistent manner. Drugs of abuse are widely used substances that differ in chemical nature but have a common property-creating dependence. Dependence is characterized by a stereotypical pattern of behavior oriented toward the search, acquisition, and ingestion of drugs of abuse with such frequency and in such quantity as to be harmful. This behavior is beyond the control of reason and will. Studies conducted during the "decade of the brain" or before, show that the clinically observed, dependent behavior induced by drugs of abuse result from neurophysiological and chemical alterations of complex brain mechanisms. These mechanisms involve the production and turnover of the brain neurotransmitters that carry information in the brain neurocircuitry, changes in brain metabolism and circulation, and alterations in the expression of DNA which programs the functions or the neuronal cell. This book describes a number of newly discovered basic brain mechanisms and the alterations caused by drugs of abuse. Contributions by top researchers in fields of radian biology, biochemistry, genetics, and pharmacology examine the new technological improvements for the measurement of brain function, metabolism, blood flow and drug elimination and report changes in brain biochemistry, including DNA expression, as they occur during drug abuse. Physicians and health professionals will benefit from a better understanding of the effects of drugs on the brain which will lead to more effective interventions for prevention and treatment. Highlights include: New knowledge about the brain New methods of investigation Opiates and the brain Marijuana and the brain Cocaine and the brain This book will be of interest to health professionals and program administrators involved in the education and treatment of substance abuse disorders, as well as physicians, nurses, psychiatric social workers, neuroscientists, and pharmacologists.
Motivation is key to substance use behavior change. Counselors can support clients' movement toward positive changes in their substance use by identifying and enhancing motivation that already exists. Motivational approaches are based on the principles of person-centered counseling. Counselors' use of empathy, not authority and power, is key to enhancing clients' motivation to change. Clients are experts in their own recovery from SUDs. Counselors should engage them in collaborative partnerships. Ambivalence about change is normal. Resistance to change is an expression of ambivalence about change, not a client trait or characteristic. Confrontational approaches increase client resistance and discord in the counseling relationship. Motivational approaches explore ambivalence in a nonjudgmental and compassionate way.
