The Hidden Epidemic
The Hidden Epidemic

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1997-03-28

Total Pages: 446

ISBN-13: 030917547X

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The United States has the dubious distinction of leading the industrialized world in overall rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with 12 million new cases annually. About 3 million teenagers contract an STD each year, and many will have long-term health problems as a result. Women and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to these diseases and their health consequences. In addition, STDs increase the risk of HIV transmission. The Hidden Epidemic examines the scope of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provides a critical assessment of the nation's response to this public health crisis. The book identifies the components of an effective national STD prevention and control strategy and provides direction for an appropriate response to the epidemic. Recommendations for improving public awareness and education, reaching women and adolescents, integrating public health programs, training health care professionals, modifying messages from the mass media, and supporting future research are included. The book documents the epidemiological dimensions and the economic and social costs of STDs, describing them as "a secret epidemic" with tremendous consequences. The committee frankly discusses the confusing and often hypocritical nature of how Americans deal with issues regarding sexualityâ€"the conflicting messages conveyed in the mass media, the reluctance to promote condom use, the controversy over sex education for teenagers, and the issue of personal blame. The Hidden Epidemic identifies key elements of effective, culturally appropriate programs to promote healthy behavior by adolescents and adults. It examines the problem of fragmentation in STD services and provides examples of communities that have formed partnerships between stakeholders to develop integrated approaches. The committee's recommendations provide a practical foundation on which to build an integrated national program to help young people and adults develop habits of healthy sexuality. The Hidden Epidemic was written for both health care professionals and people without a medical background and will be indispensable to anyone concerned about preventing and controlling STDs.

AIDS and Adolescents
AIDS and Adolescents

Author: Lorraine Sherr

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 9789057020384

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This text provides insight into a wide range of adolescent issues. A series of contributions examines facts and fictions associated with adolescent risk, challenging some of the basic current notions underpinning approaches to the subject.

Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually Transmitted Infections

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher:

Published: 2021-12-24

Total Pages: 750

ISBN-13: 9780309683951

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One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research.

HIV in China
HIV in China

Author: Jing Jun

Publisher: UNSW Press

Published: 2010-10

Total Pages: 242

ISBN-13: 1742240062

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The result of collaboration between the University of New South Wales and the Tsinghua University in Beijing, this unique chronicle maps some of the most important social, political, and cultural characteristics of the HIV epidemic in China. Demonstrating that the epidemic was propelled by three main economic drivers--the blood trade, the drug trade, and the sex trade--this informative compilation of essays uncovers the hidden truths about the spread of HIV and analyzes its social impacts.

AIDS, Sexual Behavior, and Intravenous Drug Use
AIDS, Sexual Behavior, and Intravenous Drug Use

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1989-02-01

Total Pages: 606

ISBN-13: 0309039762

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The AIDS virus is spread by human behaviors enacted in a variety of social situations. In order to prevent further infection, we need to know more about these behaviors. This volume explores what is known about the number of people infected, risk-associated behaviors, facilitation of behavioral change, and barriers to more effective prevention efforts.

AIDS and Development in Africa
AIDS and Development in Africa

Author: Kempe R. Hope

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 9780789006387

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AIDS and Development in Africa demonstrates the human consequences of AIDS and the efforts being made by governments, individuals, families, villages, communities, and non-governmental organizations to respond to the pandemic. You will read beyond the usual analysis of demographics and receive much more substantial assessments and analyses of the burden on people, economies, and health care systems of the African countries.

AIDS and Adolescents
AIDS and Adolescents

Author: Lorraine Sherr

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2022-12-29

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 1000813789

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Originally published in 1997, Aids and Adolescents provided an insight into a wide range of adolescent issues which were rarely compiled in one volume at the time. Much of the HIV epidemic response had been at the individual level in the hope that this narrow focus would provide the key to containment and resolution of spread. However, over the ten years since the epidemic had taken hold, it was clear that paradigms were limited, input was uncritical and large cohorts were overlooked. In this text a series of contributions have been compiled to explore adolescent issues ranging from sexual behaviour and health education campaigns to HIV prevention and HIV/AIDS care. The chapters begin by giving an overview of adolescent problems, such as homelessness, pregnancy and gender, and explore why these problems are so often overlooked. We then move on to an examination of the facts and fictions associated with adolescent risk, challenging some of the basic current notions underpinning approaches to the subject at the time. Also included are particular focused studies of Australian adolescents’ beliefs about HIV and STDs and also the American adolescents’ perceptions of drug injection. Finally, the volume gives a focused view of those with HIV infection, with a review of findings of the time, neuropsychological and psychological factors. This overview provided some comments on merging issues and future directions. Today it can be read in its historical context.

Preventing AIDS
Preventing AIDS

Author: Ralph J. DiClemente

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 366

ISBN-13: 1489911936

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Public health has a legacy of neglect regarding social and behavioral research. Too often, prompted by technical and scientific progress, we have ignored even marginalized-the vital "human element" in health thinking and prac tice. Thus, for example, while family planning programs focused on providing a choice among safe and effective contraceptive methods (a supremely worthy goal), the central issue of sexuality and sexual behavior was generally neglected. Similarly, the enormous and important efforts to develop rapid and reliable diagnostic and treatment methods for sexually transmitted diseases helped divert attention away from the crucial issues of sexual practice. In short, we seem to have difficulty addressing the fundamental behaviors-including sex, drug taking and other intoxications, and violence-that are central to the major causes of preventable morbidity, disability, and premature mortality in the world today. Our collective reluctance to examine and understand ourselves is also expressed in the oft-repeated pipedream that scientific progress will "take care of" the HIV / AIDS pandemic by delivering a preventive vaccine, an effective cure, or both. Yet even a cursory glance at the relationship between scientific/ technical progress and health shows that meeting the scientific challenges is only one step toward effective application of the vaccine or drug. It is typical, not atypical, that hepatitis B vaccine is only now becoming relatively freely available to large populations in the developing world, more than a decade after the vaccine's licensure.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)
Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

Author: King K. Holmes

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2017-11-06

Total Pages: 1027

ISBN-13: 1464805253

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Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

Publisher: National Academies

Published: 1996-01-01

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13:

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The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.