Stress oxydatif, exercice de sprint et lactate
Stress oxydatif, exercice de sprint et lactate

Author: Carole Groussard

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 218

ISBN-13:

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De nombreux travaux ont démontré que l'exercice aérobie prolongé et exhaustif peut induire un stress oxydatif pour l'organisme (Dillard et coll., 1978, Lovlin et coll., 1987). Le principal facteur responsable est l'augmentation importante de la consommation d'oxygène dont une partie est déviée vers la formation d'espèces radicalaires. Les données concernant les effets d'un exercice bref et intense sollicitant le métabolisme anaérobie sont, chez l'homme, très rares et ne permettent pas de conclure (Marzatico et coll., 1997, Ortenblad et coll., 1997). L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'effet d'un exercice bref et intense de 30-s (l'épreuve de Wingate) sur les marqueurs du stress oxydatif (radicaux lipidiques et TBARS) et sur le système sanguin antioxydant (SOD, GPx, GSH, acide urique et statut vitaminique). Il précise également le rôle du lactate dans l'apparition du SO induit par l'exercice ainsi que l'importance d'un apport satisfaisant en antioxydants dans la prévention du stress oxydatif induit par l'exercice aigu ou chronique. Ce travail montre qu'une épreuve de Wingate entraîne un stress oxydatif caractérisé par une surproduction de radicaux lipidiques et une altération du statut antioxydant sanguin. Le MDA, marqueur de la péroxydation lipidique classiquement utilisé dans l'exercice aérobie, n'est pas un bon indicateur du SO, dans ce cas. Le lactate, produit en grande quantité dans ce type d'exercice, n'intervient pas dans l'apparition des radicaux lipidiques puisqu'il exerce, in vitro, un effet antioxydant en piègeant l'anion superoxyde et le radical hydroxyle. Ce travail rapporte une carence d'apport en antioxydants dans la population sportive. Ces carences d'apport pourraient expliquer les faibles concentrations plasmatiques d'antioxydants non-enzymatiques observées, au repos, chez les sportifs et pourraient contribuer à accentuer l'altération du statut antioxydant plasmatique non-enzymatique, en réponse à l'exercice. Ce travail suggère enfin que l'altération du statut antioxydant plasmatique majore le risque de SO chronique au repos, et cela d'autant plus que l'aptitude physique des sujets est élevée.

Nutrition and Performance in Sport
Nutrition and Performance in Sport

Author: Christophe Hausswirth

Publisher: INSEP éditions

Published: 2015-09-11

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9782865802104

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Comment bien récupérer au moyen de l’alimentation ? Comment se nourrir lors d’un voyage à l’étranger ou lors des stages en altitude ? Que faire pour préserver son capital osseux ? De quelle manière concilier ramadan et entraînement ? Comment perdre du poids intelligemment? Quels sucres ? Quelles protéines ? En matière de nutrition, les questions que se posent les sportifs et leurs entraîneurs sont nombreuses, et toutes méritent des réponses claires ! Telle est l’ambition première de cet ouvrage qui a réuni les plus grands spécialistes mondiaux de la nutrition sportive afin d’apporter les éclairages tant attendus... L’auteur, Christophe Hausswirth, nous convie à découvrir deux parties complémentaires. Dans la première, il a pu approcher d’éminents spécialistes internationaux en nutrition du sport qui témoignent des avancées significatives dans leur discipline et font part des travaux les plus récents. Dans la seconde, les thèmes essentiels sont abordés par un jeu de questions/réponses – que complètent des fiches pratiques et de délicieuses recettes élaborées par le chef Alain Despinois, de chez Lenôtre ! C’est un véritable livre de référence que nous propose ces chercheurs émérites

Analysis of Free Radicals in Biological Systems
Analysis of Free Radicals in Biological Systems

Author: A. Favier

Publisher: Birkhäuser

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 3034890745

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"Oxidative stress" is used as the generic term describing the involve ment of reactive oxygen species in various human diseases. The scope of such a topic is becoming increasingly wide. The recent interest in radicals such as nitric oxide and the discovery of new mechanisms such as the effect of free radicals on redox sensitive proteins and genes are enlarging our understanding of the physiological role of free radicals. Oxidative stress is involved in numerous pathological. processes such as ageing, respiratory or cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological pathologies such as dementia or Parkinson's disease. It still remains difficult, however, to demonstrate by chemical measurement the in vivo production of free radicals and even more to realise their speciation. Therefore, the development of new tools and indicators is engrossing many researchers working in this field. Reliable indicators are abso lutely necessary not only to monitor the evolution of oxidative stress in patients but also to evaluate the efficiency of new antioxidant treat ments. The French Free radical club of Grenoble, the CERLIB has been involved for many years in the organisation of international training programs on methodology, in order to provide both theoretical and practical help to researchers from various countries. Such training sessions have been highly successful and participants value the oppor tunity to learn reliable techniques. This positive echo explains why the researchers of CERLIB decided, with the help of Prof. Dr. B. Kalyanaraman, to publish selected techniques on free radical re search.

The Next Big Thing
The Next Big Thing

Author: Richard Faulk

Publisher: Zest Books ™

Published: 2019-08-01

Total Pages: 365

ISBN-13: 154158211X

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We are always hearing about the Next Big Thing. Whether it is a new iPhone or the New World, the freshest and newest inventions, discoveries, and fads always loom large in the public mind. The impact that everyone thinks these "next big things" will have is often more important than the actual impact it generates. After all, if it fails, it will be almost immediately forgotten. The Next Big Thing searches through 3,000 years of Western culture to find the colorful and key steps (and missteps) that led us to where we are today.

Neuromuscular Training and Adaptations in Youth Athletes
Neuromuscular Training and Adaptations in Youth Athletes

Author: Urs Granacher

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2018-11-02

Total Pages: 308

ISBN-13: 2889456277

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The Frontiers Research Topic entitled "Neuromuscular Training and Adaptations in Youth Athletes" contains one editorial and 22 articles in the form of original work, narrative and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. From a performance and health-related standpoint, neuromuscular training stimulates young athletes' physical development and it builds a strong foundation for later success as an elite athlete. The 22 articles provide current scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in young athletes.

Classics in Movement Science
Classics in Movement Science

Author: Mark L. Latash

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 472

ISBN-13: 9780736000284

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Classics in Movement Science begins with a through and provocative introductory chapter on the beginnings of movement science, which sets the stage for the rest of the book. It presents 13 classical papers from famous scientists.

Poetics of the Iconotext
Poetics of the Iconotext

Author: Professor Liliane Louvel

Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Published: 2013-05-28

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 1409478890

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Poetics of the Iconotext makes available for the first time in English the theories of the respected French text/image specialist, Professor Liliane Louvel. A consolidation of the most significant theoretical materials of Louvel's two acclaimed books, L'Oeil du Texte: Texte et image dans la littérature anglophone and Texte/Image: Images à lire, textes à voir, this newly conceived work introduces English readers to the most current thinking in French text/image theory and visual studies. Focusing on the full spectrum of text/image relations, from medieval illuminated manuscripts to digital books, Louvel begins by introducing key terms and situating her work in the context of significant debates in text/image studies. Part II introduces Louvel's s typology of pictorial saturation through which she establishes a continuum along which to measure the effect of the most figurative to the most literal images upon writerly and readerly textual 'spaces.' Part III adopts a phenomenological approach towards the reading-viewing experience as expressed in conceptual categories that include the trace, focal range, synesthesia, and rhythm and speed. The result is a provocative interplay of the categorical and the subjective that invites readers to think at once more precisely and more inventively about texts, images, and the intersections between the two.

The Young Athlete
The Young Athlete

Author: Helge Hebestreit

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-04-30

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13: 0470695501

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This essential new volume in the Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine series, published under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee, provides a thorough overview of the unique physiologic characteristics, responsiveness to training, and possible health hazards involved in the training, coaching, and medical care of young athletes. Intense involvement in competitive sports often begins during childhood. During adolescence, many athletes reach their peak performance and some may participate in World Championships and Olympic Games at a relatively young age. The Young Athlete presents the available information relevant to exercise and training in youth, reviewed and summarized by authors who are recognized as leaders in their respective fields. The Young Athlete is subdivided into seven parts covering: the physiologic bases of physical performance in view of growth and development; trainability and the consequences of a high level of physical activity during childhood and adolescence for future health; the epidemiology of injuries, their prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation; non-orthopedic health concerns including the pre-participation examination; psychosocial issues relevant to young athletes; diseases relevant to child and adolescent athletes; the methodology relevant to the assessment of young athletes. This valuable reference summarizes a large database of information from thousands of studies and is especially relevant to sports physicians, pediatricians, general practitioners, physical therapists, dietitians, coaches, students, and researchers in the exercise sciences.