Stochastic Modelling of Space-time Rainfall and the Significance of Spatial Data for Flood Runoff Generation
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 2006
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPosts
Stochastic Modelling of Space-Time Rainfall
Author: Marie-Laure Segond
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Published: 2010-10
Total Pages: 232
ISBN-13: 9783843355469
DOWNLOAD EBOOKIn the context of flood management, this thesis investigates the relationship between spatial rainfall and runoff production, for a range of scales and catchment types. A methodology for the spatial-temporal rainfall simulation of hourly rainfall is developed and the sensitivity of simulated flood runoff to the representation of observed and simulated spatial rainfall is evaluated. The study is based on 15 years of radar data, 21 raingauges and 12 flow stations from the 1400 km2 Lee catchment, UK. Results show a complex picture. The dominant effect is the spatial variability of the rainfall. No clear pattern emerges as a function of catchment scale, or response time, except that the impact of spatial variability is damped at the whole catchment scale. The sensitivity to spatial rainfall is enhanced on urbanised catchments. In conclusion, the thesis provides specific guidance concerning the importance of spatial rainfall for flood estimation.
Stochastic Methods In Hydrology: Rain, Landforms And Floods
Author: Ole E Barndorff-nielsen
Publisher: World Scientific
Published: 1998-03-31
Total Pages: 226
ISBN-13: 9814496499
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book communicates some contemporary mathematical and statistical developments in river basin hydrology as they pertain to space-time rainfall, spatial landform and network structures and their role in understanding averages and fluctuations in the hydrologic water balance of river basins. While many of the mathematical and statistical nations have quite classical mathematical roots, the river basin data structure has led to many variations on the problems and theory.
A Stochastic Model of Space-Time Variability of Mesoscale Rainfall
Author: Prasun K. Kundu
Publisher: BiblioGov
Published: 2013-08
Total Pages: 22
ISBN-13: 9781289285388
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA characteristic feature of rainfall statistics is that they depend on the space and time scales over which rain data are averaged. A previously developed spectral model of rain statistics that is designed to capture this property, predicts power law scaling behavior for the second moment statistics of area-averaged rain rate on the averaging length scale L as L right arrow 0. In the present work a more efficient method of estimating the model parameters is presented, and used to fit the model to the statistics of area-averaged rain rate derived from gridded radar precipitation data from TOGA COARE. Statistical properties of the data and the model predictions are compared over a wide range of averaging scales. An extension of the spectral model scaling relations to describe the dependence of the average fraction of grid boxes within an area containing nonzero rain (the "rainy area fraction") on the grid scale L is also explored.
Flood Hazards
Author: Jessica Lamond
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2011-07-28
Total Pages: 390
ISBN-13: 1439826250
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA 360-degree view of the response to flood risk As major flooding events around the world show, the impact of flooding on the built environment can cause widespread chaos. These flood events form part of a wider pattern of increasing flood frequency coupled with increased vulnerability of the built environment to flood hazard. Flood risk can unite or divide communities and the responses to potential risk can range from denial to perfect adaptation. Drawing on the experience of communities and experts, Flood Hazards: Impacts and Responses for the Built Environment offers guidance on managing urban flooding and flood risk. It brings together a diversity of viewpoints and experiences on flood impacts and responses from leading academics, flood restoration specialists, emergency responders, architects, planning consultants, insurers, policymakers, and community representatives. By including the perspective of the community and the views of households and businesses at risk, this volume makes a unique contribution to the literature on flood management. The chapter organization loosely corresponds to the phases of the disaster management cycle, covering emergency preparation and response; recovery, repair, and reconstruction; and mitigation and adaptation. Contributors examine the types of impacts and discuss forecasting and emergency warning. They describe processes and good practice in recovery of flood-damaged property from the perspectives of the insurance industry, restorers, and loss adjusters. The book also deals with business continuity, land-use planning, property-level and infrastructure protection, and urban drainage, looking at the regulation and design of the built environment as one way to reduce risk. A section on community response to flooding sheds light on the experiences of flood-affected families. Written for students, practitioners, and researchers in flood risk management, as well as for professionals who may encounter flood-related issues in the course of their work, this cross-disciplinary book makes a valuable contribution towards designing a future built environment that is more resilient to flood risk.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 806
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA Stochastic Space-time Rainfall Model for Engineering Risk Assessment
Author: Michael Leonard
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 253
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe temporal and spatial variability of Australia's climate affects the quantity and quality of its water resources, the productivity of its agricultural systems, and the health of its ecosystems. This variability should be taken into account when assessing the risks associated with flooding. Continuous simulation rainfall models are one means for doing this, whereby sequences of storms are generated for an arbitrarily long time period and over some region of interest. The simulated rainfall should reproduce observed statistics in time and space so that it can be used as a suitable input for hydrologic models at the catchment scale, with particular emphasis on extreme events. There are a variety of approaches to modelling rainfall, including a broad range of single-site and multi-site rainfall models. By way of contrast there are few models that aim to simulate rainfall across all points within a region at daily or sub-daily increments. This thesis focuses on models calibrated solely to rain gauges, and a specific type known as Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulse (NSRP) models. Existing NSRP models have a mature history of modelling developments including calibration methodology and an ability to reproduce key statistics across a range of timescales. Nonetheless, these models also have several limitations (and other space-time models not withstanding) that are addressed in this thesis. These developments include improvements to the conceptual representation of rainfall and improvements to calibration and simulation techniques. Specifically these improvements include (i) the development of an efficient simulation technique, (ii) assessing the impact of monthly parameter changes on rainfall statistics, (iii) the use of simulated statistics within calibration to overcome reliance on derived model properties (iv) incorporating a storm extent parameter to better match spatial correlations, (v) incorporating long term climatic variability and developing a methodology to assess climatic and seasonal variability in simulated extremes (vi) incorporating inhomogeneity of rainfall occurrence across a region. Numerous case studies are used at various locations about Australia to illustrate these improvements and highlight the applicability of the model under varied climatic conditions.
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1991
Total Pages: 806
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKStochastic Integral Equations and Rainfall-Runoff Models
Author: Theodore V. Hromadka II
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2012-12-06
Total Pages: 401
ISBN-13: 3642493092
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe subject of rainfall-runoff modeling involves a wide spectrum of topics. Fundamental to each topic is the problem of accurately computing runoff at a point given rainfall data at another point. The fact that there is currently no one universally accepted approach to computing runoff, given rainfall data, indicates that a purely deter ministic solution to the problem has not yet been found. The technology employed in the modern rainfall-runoff models has evolved substantially over the last two decades, with computer models becoming increasingly more complex in their detail of describing the hydrologic and hydraulic processes which occur in the catchment. But despite the advances in including this additional detail, the level of error in runoff estimates (given rainfall) does not seem to be significantly changed with increasing model complexity; in fact it is not uncommon for the model's level of accuracy to deteriorate with increasing complexity. In a latter section of this chapter, a literature review of the state-of-the-art in rainfall-runoff modeling is compiled which includes many of the concerns noted by rainfall-runoff modelers. The review indicates that there is still no deterministic solution to the rainfall-runoff modeling problem, and that the error in runoff estimates produced from rainfall-runoff models is of such magnitude that they should not be simply ignored.
Stochastic Flood Forecasting System
Author: Renata J. Romanowicz
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2015-06-29
Total Pages: 205
ISBN-13: 3319188542
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book presents the novel formulation and development of a Stochastic Flood Forecasting System, using the Middle River Vistula basin in Poland as a case study. The system has a modular structure, including models describing the rainfall-runoff and snow-melt processes for tributary catchments and the transformation of a flood wave within the reach. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the elements of the study system are performed at both the calibration and verification stages. The spatial and temporal variability of catchment land use and river flow regime based on analytical studies and measurements is presented. A lumped parameter approximation to the distributed modelling of river flow is developed for the purpose of flow forecasting. Control System based emulators (Hammerstein-Wiener models) are applied to on-line data assimilation. Medium-range probabilistic weather forecasts (ECMWF) and on-line observations of temperature, precipitation and water levels are used to prolong the forecast lead time. The potential end-users will also benefit from a description of social vulnerability to natural hazards in the study area.
