Steps Towards a Unified Basis for Scientific Models and Methods

Steps Towards a Unified Basis for Scientific Models and Methods

Author: Inge S. Helland

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 9814280860

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Culture, in fact, also plays an important role in science which is, per se, a multitude of different cultures. The book attempts to build a bridge across three cultures: mathematical statistics, quantum theory and chemometrical methods. Of course, these three domains should not be taken as equals in any sense. But the book holds the important claim that it is possible to develop a common language which, at least to a certain extent, can create direct links and build bridges. From this point of departure, the book will be of interest to the following three types of scientists OCo statisticians, quantum physicists and chemometricians OCo and in particular, statisticians and physicists who are interested in interdisciplinary research. Written at a level that is accessible to general readers, not only the academics, the book will appeal to graduate students and mathematically educated persons of all disciplines as well as philosophers, pure and applied mathematicians, and the general public. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: The Basic Elements (1,433 KB). Contents: The Basic Elements; Statistical Theory and Practice; Statistical Inference Under Symmetry; The Transition from Statistics to Quantum Theory; Quantum Mechanics from a Statistical Basis; Further Development of Quantum Mechanics; Decisions in Statistics; Multivariate Data Analysis and Statistics; Quantum Mechanics and the Diversity of Concepts. Readership: Graduate students and researchers in the field of statistics and mathematical physics."


Epistemic Processes

Epistemic Processes

Author: Inge S. Helland

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-10-15

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 303081923X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This book discusses a link between statistical theory and quantum theory based on the concept of epistemic processes. The latter are processes, such as statistical investigations or quantum mechanical measurements, that can be used to obtain knowledge about something. Various topics in quantum theory are addressed, including the construction of a Hilbert space from reasonable assumptions and an interpretation of quantum states. Separate derivations of the Born formula and the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation are given. In concrete terms, a Hilbert space can be constructed under some technical assumptions associated with situations where there are two conceptual variables that can be seen as maximally accessible. Then to every accessible conceptual variable there corresponds an operator on this Hilbert space, and if the variables take a finite number of values, the eigenspaces/eigenvectors of these operators correspond to specific questions in nature together with sharp answers to these questions. This paves a new way to the foundations of quantum theory. The resulting interpretation of quantum mechanics is related to Hervé Zwirn's recent Convivial Solipsism, but it also has some relations to Quantum Bayesianism and to Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics. Niels Bohr's concept of complementarity plays an important role. Philosophical implications of this approach to quantum theory are discussed, including consequences for macroscopic settings. The book will benefit a broad readership, including physicists and statisticians interested in the foundations of their disciplines, philosophers of science and graduate students, and anyone with a reasonably good background in mathematics and an open mind.


A Framework for K-12 Science Education

A Framework for K-12 Science Education

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2012-02-28

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 0309214459

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments.


Steps Towards a Unified Basis for Scientific Models and Methods

Steps Towards a Unified Basis for Scientific Models and Methods

Author: Inge S. Helland

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 9814280852

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Culture, in fact, also plays an important role in science which is, per se, a multitude of different cultures. The book attempts to build a bridge across three cultures: mathematical statistics, quantum theory and chemometrical methods. Of course, these three domains should not be taken as equals in any sense. But the book holds the important claim that it is possible to develop a common language which, at least to a certain extent, can create direct links and build bridges. From this point of departure, the book will be of interest to the following three types of scientists ? statisticians, quantum physicists and chemometricians ? and in particular, statisticians and physicists who are interested in interdisciplinary research. Written at a level that is accessible to general readers, not only the academics, the book will appeal to graduate students and mathematically educated persons of all disciplines as well as philosophers, pure and applied mathematicians, and the general public.


Evolution of Translational Omics

Evolution of Translational Omics

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2012-09-13

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 0309224187

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.


The Behavioral and Social Sciences

The Behavioral and Social Sciences

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1988-02-01

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 0309037492

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

This volume explores the scientific frontiers and leading edges of research across the fields of anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, sociology, history, business, education, geography, law, and psychiatry, as well as the newer, more specialized areas of artificial intelligence, child development, cognitive science, communications, demography, linguistics, and management and decision science. It includes recommendations concerning new resources, facilities, and programs that may be needed over the next several years to ensure rapid progress and provide a high level of returns to basic research.


Science and Decisions

Science and Decisions

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2009-03-24

Total Pages: 422

ISBN-13: 0309120462

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.


Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2009-07-29

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 0309142393

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.