This considerably enriched new edition provides a self-contained presentation of the mathematical foundations, constructions, and tools necessary for studying problems where the modeling, optimization, or control variable is the shape or the structure of a geometric object.
Many things around us have properties that depend on their shape--for example, the drag characteristics of a rigid body in a flow. This self-contained overview of differential geometry explains how to differentiate a function (in the calculus sense) with respect to a "shape variable." This approach, which is useful for understanding mathematical models containing geometric partial differential equations (PDEs), allows readers to obtain formulas for geometric quantities (such as curvature) that are clearer than those usually offered in differential geometry texts. Readers will learn how to compute sensitivities with respect to geometry by developing basic calculus tools on surfaces and combining them with the calculus of variations. Several applications that utilize shape derivatives and many illustrations that help build intuition are included.
Deformable objects are ubiquitous in the world surrounding us, on all levels from micro to macro. The need to study such shapes and model their behavior arises in a wide spectrum of applications, ranging from medicine to security. In recent years, non-rigid shapes have attracted growing interest, which has led to rapid development of the field, where state-of-the-art results from very different sciences - theoretical and numerical geometry, optimization, linear algebra, graph theory, machine learning and computer graphics, to mention several - are applied to find solutions. This book gives an overview of the current state of science in analysis and synthesis of non-rigid shapes. Everyday examples are used to explain concepts and to illustrate different techniques. The presentation unfolds systematically and numerous figures enrich the engaging exposition. Practice problems follow at the end of each chapter, with detailed solutions to selected problems in the appendix. A gallery of colored images enhances the text. This book will be of interest to graduate students, researchers and professionals in different fields of mathematics, computer science and engineering. It may be used for courses in computer vision, numerical geometry and geometric modeling and computer graphics or for self-study.
Help young students get familiar with basic shapes found in Geometry. Our resource provides task and word problems surrounding real-life scenarios. See how many circles, squares and rectangles you can find in the picture. Explain how you would sort the shapes you find. Use different shapes to make a robot or house. Find and name the different shapes. Go on the Internet to find some solid shapes that are made from basic shapes put together. Count the number of sides and corners on each shape. Describe where each shape is found in a picture. Follow instructions to draw shapes in specific locations. Transform a shape by turning it, sliding it, or flipping it. Draw the missing half of a symmetrical shape. The task sheets provide a leveled approach to learning, starting with prekindergarten and increasing in difficulty to grade 2. Aligned to your State Standards and meeting the concepts addressed by the NCTM standards, reproducible task sheets, drill sheets, review and answer key are included.
Written in a style that is accessible to a wide audience, The Fractal Geometry of Nature inspired popular interest in this emerging field. Mandelbrot's unique style, and rich illustrations will inspire readers of all backgrounds.
Molecular Geometry discusses topics relevant to the arrangement of atoms. The book is comprised of seven chapters that tackle several areas of molecular geometry. Chapter 1 reviews the definition and determination of molecular geometry, while Chapter 2 discusses the unified view of stereochemistry and stereochemical changes. Chapter 3 covers the geometry of molecules of second row atoms, and Chapter 4 deals with the main group elements beyond the second row. The book also talks about the complexes of transition metals and f-block elements, and then covers the organometallic compounds and transition metal clusters. The last chapter tackles the consequences of small, local variations in geometry. The text will be of great use to chemists who primarily deal with the properties of molecules and atoms.