Integral and Semi-Integral Bridges
Integral and Semi-Integral Bridges

Author: Martin P Burke Jr

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2009-06-17

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 1444316370

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Worldwide, integral type bridges are being used in greater numbersin lieu of jointed bridges because of their structural simplicity,first-cost economy, and outstanding durability. In the UK and theUS states of Tennessee and Missouri, for example, the constructionof most moderate length bridges is based on the integral bridgeconcept. The state of Washington uses semi-integral bridges almostexclusively, while, depending on subfoundation characteristics, thestate of Ohio and others use a mix of these two bridge types. Integral and Semi-Integral Bridges has been written by apracticing bridge design engineer who has spent his entire careerinvolved in the origination, evaluation and design of such bridgesin the USA, where they have been in use since the late1930’s. This work shows how the analytical complexity due tothe elimination of movable joints can be minimized to negligiblelevels so that most moderate length bridges can be easily andquickly modified or replaced with either integral or semi-integralbridges. Bridge design, construction, and maintenance engineers; bridgedesign administrators; graduate level engineering students andstructural research professionals will all find this bookexceptionally informative for a wide range of highway bridgeapplications.

Modeling the Effects of Turned Back Wingwalls for Semi-integral Abutment Bridges
Modeling the Effects of Turned Back Wingwalls for Semi-integral Abutment Bridges

Author: Matthew T. Jozwiak

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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As jointless bridges become more popular, there is a greater need to understand all aspects of their behavior. Significantly more research has been conducted on integral abutment bridges than there has been on semi-integral abutment bridges, therefore there is a need for more investigation into this type of bridge. Parametric studies on jointless bridges in the past often dealt with variations of the superstructure like altering the span length or skew. This research is an examination of a unique case for a jointless bridge that aims to provide a look into the behavior of the substructure. The subject for the research is a semi-integral abutment bridge with turned back wingwalls and drilled shafts. Semi-integral bridges are less common than integral bridges, and one with turned back wingwalls is constructed even less frequently. The turned back wingwall style of this bridge makes it a good subject for research because little is known about the effect of wingwall orientation on the stress patterns throughout semi-integral abutments. This research will provide a look into the behavior of a semi-integral abutment as the wingwall angle is changed from turned back to flared.

Behavior of Semi-integral Abutment Bridge with Turn-back Wingwalls Supported on Drilled Shafts
Behavior of Semi-integral Abutment Bridge with Turn-back Wingwalls Supported on Drilled Shafts

Author: Safiya Ahmed

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Semi-integral abutment bridges are integral abutment bridges with a flexible interface at the abutment to reduce the force transferred to the foundation. Wingwalls in abutment and semi-integral abutment bridges are designed as retaining walls to avoid the sliding of the backfill soil behind the bridge abutments and roadways. Using turn-back wingwalls that are parallel to the bridge diaphragm can provide support for the parapets and minimize the total longitudinal pressure on the abutments. These walls are subjected to axial forces and bending moments due to the thermal movements. These forces can affect the orientation and the connection details of the wingwalls, which could cause cracks in the wingwalls. Despite several studies on integral abutment bridges, there are no studies that combined the behavior of the drilled shafts, footings, abutment walls, and the turnback wingwalls of semi-integral abutment bridges. The long-term performance of a semi-integral abutment bridge with turn-back wingwalls supported on drilled shafts in Ohio was investigated in this doctorate study by instrumenting five drilled shafts, footing, the forward abutment wall, and one of the wingwalls during construction. Strain and temperature were collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019. It was found that the seasonal and daily temperature changes have a significant effect on the changes in the strain in the substructure. The behavior of the abutment wall significantly affects the behavior of the wingwall, footing, and drilled shafts. It was also noticed that the behavior of the abutment was irreversible, and the top of the abutment wall and the top of the drilled shaft induced higher strain than the bottom. Cracks were noticed at the front face of the abutment wall and wingwall, and these cracks tended to close as the air temperature decreased and open as the air temperature increased. The extremely cold weather conditions induced tensile strain higher than the allowable strain at the top corner of the front face of the abutment wall and the rear face of the wingwall. Finite element results were compared with the field data, and the behavior of the substructure was achieved by the model. Parametric studies were conducted on the bridge substructure with different wingwall types and soil backfill. The results showed lower stiffness of soil backfill induces higher stresses in the bridge substructure. Moreover, inline wingwalls induce the highest thermal stresses in the substructure, while flared wingwalls induce the lowest thermal stress compared to the other types of wingwalls.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Integral/semi-integral Bridge Abutments for Texas Conditions
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Integral/semi-integral Bridge Abutments for Texas Conditions

Author: Jakob Richard Walter

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13:

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Integral abutment bridges (IAB), which are characterized by a lack of thermal expansion joints and bearings, expand into and contract away from retained backfill at the approaches. This behavior may lead to the development of increased lateral earth pressures or a long-term inward movement, as it has been observed in several structures. Additionally, it has been observed that repeated movements of IABs into and away from the adjacent soil because of annual and daily temperature fluctuations can lead to settlements in the approach roadways built on top of the retained fill. Yet, the possibly significant cost-effectiveness of the system has prompted the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to construct IAB and semi-integral abutment bridges (SIAB). The overall objective of the research is to investigate the geotechnical aspects relevant to the design of IAB/SIAB. The research project consists of four components: 1) a survey of state DOTs and Texas regarding IAB/SIAB design and construction, 2) an experimental program aimed to understand lateral earth pressure development and soil movement as a result of repeated movements, 3) a numerical component geared to predict soil response to repeated movements such as those in the experimental program, and 4) a field monitoring program involving instrumentation of three IAB/SIAB structures in the state of Texas. Surveys revealed that the anticipated approach to construct IAB/SIAB in Texas is viable. Furthermore, the compressible inclusion used by some states to prevent earth pressure ratcheting was proven to be successful in the laboratory and numerical components. Finally, the field monitoring program demonstrated two IAB/SIAB in Texas that have been performing well, and a third that has exhibited inadequate performance at the approach to bridge deck transition. In summary, the findings of the research have laid the foundation for development of design details to be presented to TxDOT for any future IAB/SIAB.

Long-Term Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridges
Long-Term Behavior of Integral Abutment Bridges

Author: Robert J. Frosch

Publisher: Joint Transportation Research Program

Published: 2011-08-15

Total Pages: 149

ISBN-13: 9781622600120

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Integral abutment (IA) construction has become the preferred method over conventional construction for use with typical highway bridges. However, the use of these structures is limited due to state mandated length and skew limitations. To expand their applicability, studies were implemented to define limitations supported by rational analysis rather than simply engineering judgment. Previous research investigations have resulted in larger length limits and an overall better understanding of these structures. However, questions still remain regarding IA behavior; specifically questions regarding long-term behavior and effects of skew. To better define the behavior of these structures, a study was implemented to specifically investigate the long term behavior of IA bridges. First, a field monitoring program was implemented to observe and understand the in-service behavior of three integral abutment bridges. The results of the field investigation were used to develop and calibrate analytical models that adequately capture the long-term behavior. Second, a single-span, quarter-scale integral abutment bridge was constructed and tested to provide insight on the behavior of highly skewed structures. From the acquired knowledge from both the field and laboratory investigations, a parametric analysis was conducted to characterize the effects of a broad range of parameters on the behavior of integral abutment bridges. This study develops an improved understanding of the overall behavior of IA bridges. Based on the results of this study, modified length and skew limitations for integral abutment bridge are proposed. In addition, modeling recommendations and guidelines have been developed to aid designers and facilitate the increased use of integral abutment bridges.

Integral and Semi-Integral Bridges
Integral and Semi-Integral Bridges

Author: Martin P Burke Jr

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Published: 2009-07-20

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781405194181

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Worldwide, integral type bridges are being used in greater numbers in lieu of jointed bridges because of their structural simplicity, first-cost economy, and outstanding durability. In the UK and the US states of Tennessee and Missouri, for example, the construction of most moderate length bridges is based on the integral bridge concept. The state of Washington uses semi-integral bridges almost exclusively, while, depending on subfoundation characteristics, the state of Ohio and others use a mix of these two bridge types. Integral and Semi-Integral Bridges has been written by a practicing bridge design engineer who has spent his entire career involved in the origination, evaluation and design of such bridges in the USA, where they have been in use since the late 1930’s. This work shows how the analytical complexity due to the elimination of movable joints can be minimized to negligible levels so that most moderate length bridges can be easily and quickly modified or replaced with either integral or semi-integral bridges. Bridge design, construction, and maintenance engineers; bridge design administrators; graduate level engineering students and structural research professionals will all find this book exceptionally informative for a wide range of highway bridge applications.