A 3D velocity model is built with a both geophysical and geologic input because of the accuracy demands of depth imaging, so it becomes an increasingly effective interpretive tool. This book addresses ways in which the interpreter should participate in development of the model and underscores its interpretive value with case study examples.
This book is meant for geoscientists and engineers who are beginners, and introduces them to the field of seismic data interpretation and evaluation. The exquisite seismic illustrations and real case examples interspersed in the text help the readers appreciate the interpretation of seismic data in a simple way, and at the same time, emphasize the multidisciplinary, integrated practical approach to data evaluation. A concerted effort has been made for the readers to realize that mindless interpretation of seismic data using sophisticated software packages, without having a grasp on the elementary principles of geology and geophysics, and coupled with their over-reliance on workstations to provide solutions can have appalling results all too very often.
Addresses the methodology of an amplitude interpretation and the subsequent benefits and limitations expected in rock-property settings. Included are relationships between rock properties and geophysical observations, practical problems, field examples, general rules, and case histories.
Bridging the gap between modern image processing practices by the scientific community at large and the world of geology and reflection seismology This book covers the basics of seismic exploration, with a focus on image processing techniques as applied to seismic data. Discussions of theories, concepts, and algorithms are followed by synthetic and real data examples to provide the reader with a practical understanding of the image processing technique and to enable the reader to apply these techniques to seismic data. The book will also help readers interested in devising new algorithms, software and hardware for interpreting seismic data. Key Features: Provides an easy to understand overview of popular seismic processing and interpretation techniques from the point of view of a digital signal processor. Presents image processing concepts that may be readily applied directly to seismic data. Includes ready-to-run MATLAB algorithms for most of the techniques presented. The book includes essential research and teaching material for digital signal and image processing individuals interested in learning seismic data interpretation from the point of view of digital signal processing. It is an ideal resource for students, professors and working professionals who are interested in learning about the application of digital signal processing theory and algorithms to seismic data.
The first work of its kind, Volcanic Reservoirs in Petroleum Exploration summarizes the current research and exploration techniques of volcanic reservoirs as a source of oil and gas. With a specific focus on the geological features and development characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in China, it presents a series of practical exploration and evaluation techniques based on this research. Authored by an award-winning petroleum geologist, it introduces exploration and outcome prediction techniques that can be used by scientists in any volcanic region worldwide. Volcanic reservoirs as new sources of petroleum resources are a hot topic in petroleum exploration. Although volcanic rock cannot generate hydrocarbons, it can serve as a reservoir for hydrocarbons when conditions permit. This book explains the differences between volcanic reservoirs and other major reservoir types, and describes effective methods for examining volcanic distribution and predicting volcanic reservoirs, providing a framework for systematic studies throughout the world. - Includes an entire section dedicated to current trends in volcanic prediction and evaluation technology - More than 90 full-color photos illustrate the text in greater detail - Case studies conclude each chapter, helping scientists apply the book's concepts to real-life scenarios
Practical Solutions to Integrated Oil and Gas Reservoir Analysis: Geophysical and Geological Perspectives is a well-timed source of information addressing the growing integration of geophysical, geological, reservoir engineering, production, and petrophysical data in predicting and determining reservoir properties. These include reservoir extent and sand development away from the well bore, characterizations of undrilled prospects, and optimization planning for field development. As such, geoscientists must now learn the technology, processes, and challenges involved within their specific functions in order to complete day-to-day activities. A broad collection of real-life problems and challenging questions encountered by geoscientists in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields, the book treats subjects ranging from Basin Analysis, to identifying and mapping structures, stratigraphy, the distribution of fracture, and the identification of pore fluids. Looking at the well-to-seismic tie, time-to-depth conversion, AVO analysis, seismic inversion, rock physics, and pore pressure analysis/prediction, the text examines challenges encountered in these technical areas, and also includes solutions and techniques used to overcome those challenges. Presents a thorough understanding of the contributions and issues faced by the various disciplines that contribute towards characterizing a wide spectrum of reservoirs (Conventional, Shale Oil and Gas, as well as Carbonate reservoirs) Provides a much needed and integrated approach amongst disciplines including geology, geophysics, petrophysics, reservoir and drilling engineering Includes case studies on different reservoir settings from around the world including Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Gulf of Guinea, Gulf of Mexico, Milne point field in Alaska, North-Sea, San Jorge Basin, and Bossier and Haynesville Shales, and others to help illustrate key points
This volume presents an overview of the results of a European Union integrated program in which approximately two hundred earth scientists participated, drawn from all fields related to exploration.Two classes of modeling were addressed - geological modeling - the relationship between the conditions of sedimentation and the resulting reservoir conditions; and wave-propagation modeling - the investigation of wave-propagation through media of various degrees of complexity. Wave-propagation modeling was carried out either mathematically or physically with the most modern tools. An important aspect of the project was the inversion of seismic data, that is the determination of the parameters of the medium from observations. This problem is closely related to modeling since it is based on the inversion of the mathematical steps and often uses modeling for verification and updating.The geological data presents novel concepts with a coverage that is both broad in area and in discipline. The geophysical investigations are at the leading edge of current research. Although detailed results have been published separately by investigators, this volume is the only source of reference which summarises the results; but incorporating sufficient detail to enable the reader to follow the scientific reasoning.
The reasons for writing this book are very simple. We use and teach com puter aided techniques of mathematical simulation and of pattern recogni tion. Life would be much simpler if we had a suitable text book with methods and computer programmes which we could keep referring to. Therefore, we have presented here material that is essential for mathematical modelling of some complex geological situations, with which earth scientists are often confronted. The reader is introduced not only to the essentials of computer modelling, data analysis and pattern recognition, but is also made familiar with the basic understanding with which they can plunge into when solving related and more complex problems. This book first makes a case for seismic stratigraphy and then for pattern recognition. Chapter 1 provides an extensive review of applications of pattern recognition methods in oil exploration. Simulation procedures are presented with examples that are fairly simple to understand and easy to use on the computer. Several geological situations can be formulated and simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The binary lithologic sequences, discussed in Chapter 2, consist of alternating layers of any two of sand, shale and coal.
In January 1996 a total of 270 conference participants gathered for 3 days in Trondheim, Norway, to focus on and to discuss the complex topic of hydrocarbon seals particularly related to deformation zones and to caprocks. The conference was the first in Norway and one of the first in Europe to exclusively address this very important subject. The purpose of the conference was to present some of the most recent research results, to establish state-of-the-art with respect to understanding hydrocarbon seals and to discuss where to go from here to find some of the keys to successful future exploration and enhanced oil and gas recovery. Out of the presented papers and posters, 17 are compiled and published in this volume. These provide a good overview of and an introduction to the numerous aspects covered during the fruitful days in Trondheim.
