Segmented Labor Markets and Monetary Policy
Segmented Labor Markets and Monetary Policy

Author: Dong-Whan Ko

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 141

ISBN-13:

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This dissertation examines the impact of a segmented labor market on aggregate dynamics and discusses optimal monetary policy. The first chapter investigates whether differentials in labor market variables in segmented labor markets have an aggregate effect. I find a mechanism by which a segmented labor market model generates stickier aggregate nominal wages and thus more volatile output, employment ratio and unemployment rate. In the second chapter, I estimate the extended version of the model using a typical Bayesian estimation method in which the model incorporates several features that are common in medium-scale New Keynesian DSGE Models. The estimation results confirm the results obtained by the calibrated model of the first chapter. In particular, the estimates for the labor supply and demand elasticity of low-skilled workers are greater than those of high-skilled workers. In the third chapter, I discuss an optimal monetary policy, taking into account income inequality. The model shows that a tight monetary policy leads to an increase in income inequality. This increase in inequality induces stickier aggregate nominal wages. I also find that the income inequality poses a policy trade-off with traditional objectives. A quantitative analysis shows that a monetary policy that concerned aggregate variables only causes a larger welfare loss after idiosyncratic productivity shocks.

Labor Market Segmentation in a Two-Sector Model of An Open Economy
Labor Market Segmentation in a Two-Sector Model of An Open Economy

Author: Mr.Dimitri G. Demekas

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1990-04-01

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 1451979134

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The paper examines formally the effects of labor market segmentation in a two-sector open economy model. The model demonstrates how the structure of the labor market affects the real exchange rate, defined as the relative price of traded and home goods, and is then used to examine the effects of two common labor market policies: increasing the degree of primary market coverage, and implementing wage restraint in the primary market. It is shown that increasing the degree of primary market coverage increases unemployment and leads to a real appreciation. Real wage restraint in the primary market, on the other hand, reduces unemployment, and has ambiguous but probably small effects on the real exchange rate.

Macroeconomic Adjustment with Segmented Labor Markets
Macroeconomic Adjustment with Segmented Labor Markets

Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1994-05-01

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13: 1451968248

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This paper analyzes the macroeconomic effects of fiscal and labor market policies in developing countries. The basic framework considers a small open economy with a large informal production sector and a heterogeneous work force. The labor market is segmented as a result of efficiency considerations and minimum wage laws. The basic model is then extended to account for unemployment benefits, income taxation, and imperfect labor mobility across sectors. The analysis indicates, among other results, that a reduction in unemployement benefits has a positive effect on output of tradable goods by lowering both the level of efficiency wages and the relative rent captured by skilled workers.

Debt, Investment, and Growth in Developing Countries with Segmented Labor Markets
Debt, Investment, and Growth in Developing Countries with Segmented Labor Markets

Author: Mr.Edward F Buffie

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2020-06-19

Total Pages: 95

ISBN-13: 1513545639

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We introduce a new suite of macroeconomic models that extend and complement the Debt, Investment, and Growth (DIG) model widely used at the IMF since 2012. The new DIG-Labor models feature segmented labor markets, efficiency wages and open unemployment, and an informal non-agricultural sector. These features allow for a deeper examination of macroeconomic and fiscal policy programs and their impact on labor market outcomes, inequality, and poverty. The paper illustrates the model's properties by analyzing the growth, debt, and distributional consequences of big-push public investment programs with different mixes of investment in human capital and infrastructure. We show that investment in human capital is much more effective than investment in infrastructure in promoting long-run economic development when investments earn their average estimated returns. The decision about how much to invest in human capital versus infrastructure involves, however, an acute intertemporal trade-off. Because investment in education affects labor productivity with a long lag, it takes 15+ years before net national income, the private capital stock, real wages for the poor, and formal sector employment surpass their counterparts in a program that invests mainly in infrastructure. The ranking of alternative investment programs depends on the policymakers' social discount rate and on the weight of distributional objectives in the social welfare function.

The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment
The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment

Author: Pierre-Richard Agénor

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1995-11-01

Total Pages: 98

ISBN-13: 1451854781

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This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.

Equilibria with Unemployment in Segmented Labor Markets
Equilibria with Unemployment in Segmented Labor Markets

Author: Mr.Dimitri G. Demekas

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 1990-04-01

Total Pages: 20

ISBN-13: 1451979606

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The paper proves four theorems in an n-sector model of a segmented labor market, with search costs, and a continuum of workers with different reservation wages, who can apply to any number of sectors. The main conclusions are that: (i) an equilibrium with unemployment always exists; and (ii) some of the unemployment is involuntary, in the sense that it consists of workers with reservation wages below the equilibrium wage in the secondary market. These conclusions hold in the case of both separate and non-separate markets.

Identifying the Role of Labor Markets for Monetary Policy in an Estimated DSGE Model
Identifying the Role of Labor Markets for Monetary Policy in an Estimated DSGE Model

Author: Kai Philipp Christoffel

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 76

ISBN-13:

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We focus on a quantitative assessment of rigid labor markets in an environment of stable monetary policy. We ask how wages and labor market shocks feed into the inflation process and derive monetary policy implications. Towards that aim, we structurally model matching frictions and rigid wages in line with an optimizing rationale in a New Keynesian closed economy DSGE model. We estimate the model using Bayesian techniques for German data from the late 1970s to present. Given the pre-euro heterogeneity in wage bargaining we take this as the first-best approximation at hand for modelling monetary policy in the presence of labor market frictions in the current European regime. In our framework, we find that labor market structure is of prime importance for the evolution of the business cycle, and for monetary policy in particular. Yet shocks originating in the labor market itself may contain only limited information for the conduct of stabilization policy.

Labor Markets and Monetary Policy
Labor Markets and Monetary Policy

Author: Olivier J. Blanchard

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13:

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We construct a utility-based model of fluctuations, with nominal rigidities and unemployment, and draw its implications for the unemployment-inflation trade- off and for the conduct of monetary policy. We proceed in two steps. We first leave nominal rigidities aside. We show that, under a standard utility specification, productivity shocks have no effect on unemployment in the constrained efficient allocation. We then focus on the implications of alternative real wage setting mechanisms for fluctuations in un- employment. We show the role of labor market frictions and real wage rigidities in determining the effects of productivity shocks on unemployment. We then introduce nominal rigidities in the form of staggered price setting by firms. We derive the relation between inflation and unemployment and discuss how it is influenced by the presence of labor market frictions and real wage rigidities. We show the nature of the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment stabilization, and its dependence on labor market characteristics. We draw the implications for optimal monetary policy.

Beyond Industrial Dualism
Beyond Industrial Dualism

Author: Thierry J. Noyelle

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-04-11

Total Pages: 139

ISBN-13: 0429721846

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This book attempts to identify some principal dimensions of the process of market and job restructuring by means of case studies of service companies. It places special emphasis on the job restructuring issue and, in particular, on the decline of internal labor markets in the U.S. economy.

Labor Market Segmentation
Labor Market Segmentation

Author: Richard Edwards

Publisher:

Published: 1975

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 9780669931389

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Monograph of conference papers on the evolution, in the USA, of a ' secondary' labour market reserved primarily for the minority group worker, the woman worker, and the low income worker - considers the impact of labour market segmentation on working class solidarity, and includes historical and sociological aspects, etc. References and statistical tables. Conference held in Cambridge 1973 mar 16 and 17.